DeBA-ECVA-UTAD, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente, Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct;169(1-4):569-85. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-1197-x. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
The increased pollution in ecosystems reinforces the importance of both chemical monitoring and biological monitoring of streams and rivers, as an effective water quality-based approach to assess aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) liver histopathology (biomarker) and some macroinvertebrate community indexes and metrics (bioindicator) were used to evaluate the effect of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Febros (Avintes) in Febros River water quality and ecosystem health. Regarding macroinvertebrate communities, the Belgian Biotic Index (BBI) and Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) indexes suggested that Febros water was slightly polluted, even though the worst situation was found downstream the WWTP discharge. Concerning community metrics, upstream percent of individuals in five numerically dominant taxa (80%) was slightly more superior than the downstream (78%). The presence of intolerant or sensible individuals, determined by percent of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera individuals and number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera families metrics, was higher upstream WWTP, reflecting a better water quality. The histopathology shows the presence of hepatic lesions in gudgeon and mullet. The statistical analysis of the lesion gradation showed that only necrosis was significantly higher in gudgeon captured downstream the WWTP, while differences were not observed for mullet. The multivariate analysis of data confirmed the existence of differences in hepatic lesions between gudgeon and mullet and between sampling sites. Regarding macroinvertebrate community, this analysis showed that the organic contamination reflected by the BBI and IBMWP indexes values was a determinant factor in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates. This work showed that the study of different biological organization levels can be used for a better assessment of ecosystem ecological integrity and can be used as a tool to reveal anthropogenic activity effects in macroinvertebrate diversity and in fish liver pathology from Febros River.
生态系统中污染的增加，强化了溪流和河流的化学监测和生物监测的重要性，这是一种评估水生态系统健康的基于水质的有效方法。在本研究中，使用了泥鳅（Gobio gobio）和梭鱼（Mugil cephalus）的肝脏组织病理学（生物标志物）以及一些大型底栖无脊椎动物群落指数和指标（生物指示剂）来评估费布罗斯（阿文提斯）污水处理厂（WWTP）对费布罗斯河水质和生态系统健康的影响。关于大型底栖无脊椎动物群落，比利时生物指数（BBI）和伊比利亚生物监测工作组（IBMWP）指数表明，费布罗斯河水受到轻度污染，尽管在 WWTP 排放口的下游情况最糟。关于群落指标，上游个体在五个数值上占优势的分类群（80%）的比例略高于下游（78%）。通过 Ephemeroptera、Plecoptera 和 Trichoptera 个体百分比和 Ephemeroptera、Plecoptera 和 Trichoptera 科数指标确定的不耐受或敏感个体的存在，在上游 WWTP 处较高，反映了较好的水质。组织病理学显示泥鳅和梭鱼肝脏存在病变。病变分级的统计分析表明，只有在 WWTP 下游捕获的泥鳅中，坏死的比例明显更高，而在梭鱼中则没有观察到差异。数据的多元分析证实了泥鳅和梭鱼以及采样点之间肝脏病变的存在差异。关于大型底栖无脊椎动物群落，该分析表明，BBI 和 IBMWP 指数值所反映的有机污染是大型底栖无脊椎动物空间分布的决定因素。这项工作表明，研究不同的生物组织层次可以更好地评估生态系统的生态完整性，并可以作为一种工具，揭示费布罗斯河流域大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性和鱼类肝脏病理学中人为活动的影响。
