School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011 Jul;74(5):1195-202. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.02.022. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
Abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as well as physico-chemical parameters were investigated in five rivers of the Juru River Basin in northern Peninsula Malaysia: Ceruk Tok Kun River (CTKR), Pasir River (PR), Permatang Rawa River (PRR), Kilang Ubi River (KUR), and Juru River (JR). The physico-chemical parameters and calculated water quality index (WQI) were significantly different among the investigated rivers (ANOVA, P<0.05). The WQI classified CTKR, PR, and JR into class III (slightly polluted). However, PRR and KUR fell into class IV (polluted). High diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates, especially the intolerant taxa, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were observed in the least polluted river, CTKR. Decreasing abundance of macroinvertebrates followed the deterioration of river water quality with the least number of the most tolerant taxa collected from PR. On the basis of composition and sensitivity of macroinvertebrates to pollutants in each river, the highest Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index score of 93 was reported in CTKR (good water quality). BMWP scores in PRR and JR were 38.7 and 20.1, respectively, classifying both of them into "moderate water quality" category. Poor water quality was reported in PR and KUR. The outcome of the multivariate analysis (CCA) was highly satisfactory, explaining 43.32% of the variance for the assemblages of macroinvertebrates as influenced by 19 physical and chemical variables. According to the CCA model, we assert that there were three levels of stresses on macroinvertebrate communities in the investigated rivers: Level 1, characterized of undisturbed or slightly polluted as in the case of CTKR; Level 2, characterized by a lower habitat quality (the JR) compared to the CTKR; and Level 3 showed severe environmental stresses (PRR, PR, and KUR) primarily contributed by agricultural, industrial, and municipal discharges.
在马来西亚半岛北部的日仑河流域，对五条河流的底栖大型无脊椎动物的丰度和多样性以及理化参数进行了研究：楚克托克坤河（CTKR）、白沙罗河（PR）、冷岳拉哇河（PRR）、乌鲁比河（KUR）和日仑河（JR）。调查河流的理化参数和计算的水质指数（WQI）有显著差异（ANOVA，P<0.05）。WQI 将 CTKR、PR 和 JR 归类为 III 类（轻度污染）。然而，PRR 和 KUR 则属于 IV 类（污染）。在污染程度最低的河流 CTKR 中，观察到大型无脊椎动物的高多样性和丰富度，尤其是不耐受的蜉蝣目、石蝇目和毛翅目。随着河流水质的恶化，大型无脊椎动物的数量逐渐减少，从 PR 采集到的最耐受的类群数量最少。根据每个河流中大型无脊椎动物的组成和对污染物的敏感性，CTKR 报告的最高生物监测工作小组（BMWP）指数得分为 93（水质良好）。PRR 和 JR 的 BMWP 得分为 38.7 和 20.1，分别归类为“中等水质”类别。PR 和 KUR 的水质较差。多元分析（CCA）的结果非常令人满意，解释了 19 个物理和化学变量对大型无脊椎动物组合的 43.32%的方差。根据 CCA 模型，我们断言，在所调查河流的大型无脊椎动物群落中存在三个层次的压力：第 1 级，以 CTKR 为例，表现为未受干扰或轻度污染；第 2 级，以 JR 为例，与 CTKR 相比，生境质量较低；第 3 级显示出严重的环境压力（PRR、PR 和 KUR），主要由农业、工业和城市排放造成。
