Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Nov;30(9):1643-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06959.x. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
The ability to anticipate physiological needs and to predict the availability of desirable resources optimizes the likelihood of survival for an organism. The neural basis of the complex behaviors associated with anticipatory responses is now being delineated. Anticipation likely involves learning and memory, reward and punishment, memory and cognition, arousal and feedback associated with changes in internal and external state, homeostatic processes and timing mechanisms. While anticipation can occur on a variety of timescales (seconds to minutes to hours to days to a year), there have been great strides made towards understanding the neural basis timing of events in the circadian realm. Anticipation of daily events, such as scheduled access to food, may serve as a useful model for a more broadly based understanding the neurobiology of anticipation. In this review we examine the historical, conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding the neural basis of anticipation with a focus on anticipation of scheduled daily meals. We also introduce the key topics represented in the papers in this issue. These papers focused on food anticipation, to explore the state of the art in the studies of the neural basis of timing and anticipatory behaviors.
预测生理需求和优化有利资源可得性的能力，使生物体更有可能生存。与预期反应相关的复杂行为的神经基础现在正在被描绘出来。预期可能涉及学习和记忆、奖励和惩罚、记忆和认知、与内部和外部状态变化相关的唤醒和反馈、体内平衡过程和定时机制。虽然预期可以在各种时间尺度上发生（从几秒钟到几分钟到几小时到几天到一年），但是在理解昼夜节律范围内事件的神经基础定时方面已经取得了很大的进展。对日常事件的预期，例如定期获得食物，可能是更广泛地理解预期神经生物学的有用模型。在这篇综述中，我们考察了理解预期神经基础的历史、概念和实验方法，重点是对预定每日膳食的预期。我们还介绍了本期论文中所代表的关键主题。这些论文侧重于食物预期，以探索定时和预期行为神经基础研究的最新进展。
