Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Toxicon. 2010 May;55(5):922-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.016. Epub 2009 Oct 29.
Red tide aerosols containing aerosolized brevetoxins are produced during the red tide bloom and transported by wind to coastal areas of Florida. This study reports the characterization of Florida red tide aerosols in human volunteer studies, in which an asthma cohort spent 1h on Siesta Beach (Sarasota, Florida) during aerosolized red tide events and non-exposure periods. Aerosol concentrations, brevetoxin levels, and particle size distribution were measured. Hourly filter samples were taken and analyzed for brevetoxin and NaCl concentrations. In addition, the aerosol mass concentration was monitored in real time. The results indicated that during a non-exposure period in October 2004, no brevetoxin was detected in the water, resulting in non-detectable levels of brevetoxin in the aerosol. In March 2005, the time-averaged concentrations of brevetoxins in water samples were moderate, in the range of 5-10 microg/L, and the corresponding brevetoxin level of Florida red tide aerosol ranged between 21 and 39 ng/m(3). The temporal profiles of red tide aerosol concentration in terms of mass, NaCl, and brevetoxin were in good agreement, indicating that NaCl and brevetoxins are components of the red tide aerosol. By continuously monitoring the marine aerosol and wind direction at Siesta Beach, we observed that the marine aerosol concentration varied as the wind direction changed. The temporal profile of the Florida red tide aerosol during a sampling period could be explained generally with the variation of wind direction.
赤潮气溶胶含有气溶胶化的扇贝毒素，在赤潮爆发期间产生，并被风输送到佛罗里达州的沿海地区。本研究报告了在人类志愿者研究中对佛罗里达赤潮气溶胶的特征描述，在该研究中，哮喘队列在气溶胶化赤潮事件和非暴露期间在 Siesta 海滩（佛罗里达州萨拉索塔）度过 1 小时。测量了气溶胶浓度、扇贝毒素水平和粒径分布。每小时采集滤膜样品并分析扇贝毒素和 NaCl 浓度。此外，还实时监测气溶胶质量浓度。结果表明，在 2004 年 10 月的非暴露期间，水中未检测到扇贝毒素，导致气溶胶中未检测到扇贝毒素。2005 年 3 月，水样中扇贝毒素的时间平均浓度适中，范围在 5-10μg/L 之间，相应的佛罗里达赤潮气溶胶的扇贝毒素水平在 21 至 39ng/m³之间。以质量、NaCl 和扇贝毒素表示的赤潮气溶胶浓度的时间分布很好地吻合，表明 NaCl 和扇贝毒素是赤潮气溶胶的组成部分。通过连续监测 Siesta 海滩的海洋气溶胶和风向，我们观察到海洋气溶胶浓度随风向变化而变化。在采样期间，佛罗里达赤潮气溶胶的时间分布可以用风向的变化来解释。
