Winstein C J
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
Phys Ther. 1991 Feb;71(2):140-9. doi: 10.1093/ptj/71.2.140.
Relevant to this special series on movement science, a brief overview of research in the field of motor learning is provided. A distinction between learning and performance is emphasized with respect to experimental design and the evaluation of laboratory and clinical intervention techniques. Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback are defined. Basic principles of motor learning pertaining to the use of augmented feedback or knowledge of results (KR) are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on recent research regarding the effects of selected KR variations (KR relative frequency, bandwidth KR, and KR delay) on motor performance and learning in healthy young adults. Results are discussed in terms of short-lasting temporary performance effects and relatively long-lasting learning effects. Theoretical and practical implications from this research are discussed. It is suggested that it is appropriate to use the principles obtained through laboratory experimentation as guidelines rather than as exact recommendations when applying basic research findings to clinical practice.
与这个关于运动科学的特别系列相关，本文对运动学习领域的研究进行了简要概述。在实验设计以及实验室和临床干预技术的评估方面，强调了学习与表现之间的区别。定义了内在反馈和外在反馈。回顾了与使用增强反馈或结果知识（KR）相关的运动学习基本原理。特别强调了关于选定的KR变化（KR相对频率、带宽KR和KR延迟）对健康年轻成年人运动表现和学习影响的最新研究。从短期的临时表现效应和相对长期的学习效应方面对结果进行了讨论。探讨了该研究的理论和实践意义。建议在将基础研究结果应用于临床实践时，将通过实验室实验获得的原理用作指导方针，而不是精确的建议。
