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本文引用的文献

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Cross-language categorization of French and German vowels by naive American listeners.美国普通听众对法语和德语元音的跨语言分类。
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2
Language experience and consonantal context effects on perceptual assimilation of French vowels by American-English learners of French.语言经验和辅音语境对美式英语法语学习者法语元音感知同化的影响。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Feb;125(2):1138-52. doi: 10.1121/1.3050256.
3
Category and perceptual interference in second-language phoneme learning: an examination of English /w/-/v/ learning by Sinhala, German, and Dutch speakers.第二语言音素学习中的类别与感知干扰：对僧伽罗语、德语和荷兰语使用者学习英语 /w/ - /v/ 的考察
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2008 Oct;34(5):1305-16. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1305.
4
Contribution of consonant versus vowel information to sentence intelligibility for young normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners.辅音与元音信息对年轻听力正常和老年听力受损听众句子可懂度的贡献。
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5
Acoustic variability within and across German, French, and American English vowels: phonetic context effects.德语、法语和美式英语元音内部及之间的声学变异性：语音语境效应。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Aug;122(2):1111-29. doi: 10.1121/1.2749716.
6
Contextual variation in the acoustic and perceptual similarity of North German and American English vowels.北德英语和美式英语元音在声学和感知相似性方面的情境变化。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2005 Sep;118(3 Pt 1):1751-62. doi: 10.1121/1.1992688.
7
Acoustic characteristics of the vowel systems of six regional varieties of American English.美国英语六种地区变体元音系统的声学特征。
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8
On the relationship between identification and discrimination of non-native nasal consonants.
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9
Effects of consonantal context on perceptual assimilation of American English vowels by Japanese listeners.辅音语境对日本听众感知同化美式英语元音的影响。
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10
Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener's native phonological system.对非母语辅音对比的辨别，这些对比在对听者母语语音系统的感知同化方面存在差异。
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美国英语成年人学习法语元音过程中的同化-辨别关系。

On the assimilation-discrimination relationship in American English adults' French vowel learning.

机构信息

Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

出版信息

J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Nov;126(5):2670-82. doi: 10.1121/1.3224715.

DOI:10.1121/1.3224715
PMID:19894844
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2787078/
Abstract

A quantitative "cross-language assimilation overlap" method for testing predictions of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) was implemented to compare results of a discrimination experiment with the listeners' previously reported assimilation data. The experiment examined discrimination of Parisian French (PF) front rounded vowels /y/ and /oe/. Three groups of American English listeners differing in their French experience (no experience [NoExp], formal experience [ModExp], and extensive formal-plus-immersion experience [HiExp]) performed discrimination of PF /y-u/, /y-o/, /oe-o/, /oe-u/, /y-i/, /y-epsilon/, /oe-epsilon/, /oe-i/, /y-oe/, /u-i/, and /a-epsilon/. Vowels were in bilabial /rabVp/ and alveolar /radVt/ contexts. More errors were found for PF front vs back rounded vowel pairs (16%) than for PF front unrounded vs rounded pairs (2%). Overall, ModExp listeners did not perform more accurately (11% errors) than NoExp listeners (13% errors). Extensive immersion experience, however, was associated with fewer errors (3%) than formal experience alone, although discrimination of PF /y-u/ remained relatively poor (12% errors) for HiExp listeners. More errors occurred on pairs involving front vs back rounded vowels in alveolar context (20% errors) than in bilabial (11% errors). Significant correlations were revealed between listeners' assimilation overlap scores and their discrimination errors, suggesting that the PAM may be extended to second-language (L2) vowel learning.

摘要

一种定量的“跨语言同化重叠”方法被用于测试感知同化模型（PAM）的预测，该方法将比较辨别实验的结果与听者先前报告的同化数据。该实验考察了巴黎法语（PF）前圆元音 /y/ 和 /oe/ 的辨别。三组美国英语听者在法语经验方面存在差异（无经验[NoExp]、正规经验[ModExp]和广泛正规加沉浸式经验[HiExp]），他们对 PF /y-u/、/y-o/、/oe-o/、/oe-u/、/y-i/、/y-epsilon/、/oe-epsilon/、/oe-i/、/y-oe/、/u-i/和/a-epsilon/进行了辨别。元音在双唇 /rabVp/ 和齿龈 /radVt/ 语境中。前圆元音与后圆元音之间的差异（16%）比前圆元音与非圆元音之间的差异（2%）更容易产生错误。总体而言，正规经验的听者（11%的错误）并不比无经验的听者（13%的错误）表现得更准确。然而，广泛的沉浸式经验与较少的错误（3%）相关，而不仅仅是正规经验，尽管 HiExp 听者对 PF /y-u/的辨别仍然相对较差（12%的错误）。在齿龈语境中，涉及前圆元音与后圆元音的对比在 alveolar 语境中（20%的错误）比在双唇（11%的错误）中更容易产生错误。听者的同化重叠得分与他们的辨别错误之间存在显著相关性，这表明 PAM 可能被扩展到第二语言（L2）元音学习中。