Kurjak Asim, Di Renzo Gian Carlo, Stanojevic Milan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hammad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Apr;23(4):286-96. doi: 10.3109/14767050903105889.
Globalization is both inevitable and usually desirable and contains advantageous and disadvantageous issues. It is a source of both hope and of apprehension and is an accelerating process in flow of information, technology, goods and services, and production means. Globalization has a complex influence on perinatal health. The bonds that link perinatologists together transcend geographic, political, religious, and lingual differences, resulting in a globalization that optimizes perinatal care. In this review, we will discuss some of the global problems facing modern perinatologists. Close to 1.5 billion people in the world, live in extreme poverty, a situation which is particularly stark in the developing world, where 80% of them live. Poor people have little or no access to qualified health services and education, and do not participate in the decisions critical to their day-to-day lives. Poverty cannot be defined solely in terms of lack of income. A person, a family, even a nation is not deemed poor only because of low economic resources. Little or no access to health services, lack of access to safe water and adequate nutrition, illiteracy or low educational level, and a distorted perception of rights and needs are also essential components of poverty. Expression of poverty in perinatal health care in developing countries are high maternal death and morbidity rates, huge perinatal and childhood losses, and high birth rates. There are good reasons to define it as a global tragedy in our time. Although the mankind has come quite far because the development of civilization and more advances in the health care were made during the past 100 years than in all previous human history, some inhabitants of our planet are not able to experience it. According to some data, every 3 s a newborn dies, and every minute a pregnant woman dies in the globalized world. All together over 10 million deaths every year, which indicates that health security is not strong enough. It is essential for improvement of these discouraging data to be aware that global health security is only as strong as its weakest link. The situation in perinatal health affected by the global crisis could be solved if the world community can agree on and enact comprehensive reforms in both economic and social areas, and on the national and international level.
全球化是不可避免的，通常也是可取的，它包含有利和不利的问题。它既是希望的源泉，也是忧虑的根源，是信息、技术、商品和服务以及生产资料流动的加速过程。全球化对围产期健康有着复杂的影响。将围产期专家联系在一起的纽带超越了地理、政治、宗教和语言的差异，从而形成了优化围产期护理的全球化。在本综述中，我们将讨论现代围产期专家面临的一些全球性问题。世界上近15亿人生活在极端贫困之中，这种情况在发展中国家尤为突出，其中80%的贫困人口生活在这些国家。贫困人口很少或根本无法获得合格的医疗服务和教育，也不参与对其日常生活至关重要的决策。贫困不能仅仅用收入不足来定义。一个人、一个家庭，甚至一个国家不能仅仅因为经济资源匮乏就被视为贫困。很少或根本无法获得医疗服务、缺乏安全饮用水和充足营养、文盲或教育水平低以及对权利和需求的扭曲认知也是贫困的重要组成部分。发展中国家围产期保健中的贫困表现为孕产妇死亡率和发病率高、围产期和儿童期大量死亡以及高出生率。有充分的理由将其定义为我们这个时代的全球性悲剧。尽管由于文明的发展，人类已经取得了长足的进步，并且在过去100年里医疗保健方面取得的进步比人类历史上以往任何时候都要多，但我们这个星球上的一些居民却无法从中受益。根据一些数据，在这个全球化的世界里，每3秒钟就有一名新生儿死亡，每分钟就有一名孕妇死亡。每年总计有超过1000万人死亡，这表明卫生安全还不够强大。要改善这些令人沮丧的数据，必须认识到全球卫生安全的强度取决于其最薄弱的环节。如果国际社会能够就经济和社会领域以及国家和国际层面的全面改革达成一致并付诸实施，那么受全球危机影响的围产期健康状况是可以得到解决的。
