Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021 Aug;47(4):517-542. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1905606. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. For this reason, molecular methods are typically required for the detection and differential diagnosis of infections. Here, we review the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of infections, the molecular mechanisms underlying its virulence, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. We further review the evidence of 's contributions to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour, stillbirth, maternal and neonatal sepsis, HIV infection, and cervical cancer. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that represents an important yet underappreciated pathogen affecting the development and progression of several adverse clinical conditions diagnosed in pregnant women and their neonates, as well as in non-pregnant women.
是一种新兴的病原体，与不良生殖和围产期结局有关。尽管数据稀少，但最近的数据表明，阴道内的 在上尿路、羊膜腔、胎盘和胎膜中上升后会变得具有致病性。由于这些细菌的复杂营养需求、缓慢的生长模式和厌氧性质，其在女性健康和疾病中的作用通常被低估。因此，通常需要分子方法来检测和鉴别 的感染。在这里，我们回顾了用于诊断 感染的实验室方法、其毒力的分子机制及其对抗生素的敏感性。我们进一步回顾了 的证据，证明其对细菌性阴道病、绒毛膜羊膜炎、早产胎膜早破、自发性早产、死产、母婴败血症、HIV 感染和宫颈癌发病机制的贡献。总的来说，越来越多的证据表明， 是一种重要但尚未被充分认识的病原体，可影响孕妇及其新生儿以及非孕妇几种不良临床状况的发展和进展。
