Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Cell Cycle. 2009 Dec 15;8(24):4049-54. doi: 10.4161/cc.8.24.10243. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
MicroRNAS (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that play important roles in many different biological processes including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through silencing of target genes. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are key players in mammalian development that, when altered, contribute to tumorigenesis. However, only a few studies to date have focused on the role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. These tumors arise in the cerebellum and may attribute their origins to deregulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells during development. Understanding the interplay between normal brain development and medulloblastoma pathogenesis is necessary in order for more efficient, less toxic targeted therapies to be developed and implemented. MiRNA expression profiling of both mouse and human medulloblastomas has led to the identification of signatures correlating with the molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, tumor diagnosis and response to treatment, as well as novel targets of potential clinical relevance. This review summarizes the recent miRNA literature in both medulloblastoma and normal brain development.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是小型内源性非编码 RNA，通过靶基因沉默在许多不同的生物学过程中发挥重要作用，包括增殖、分化和凋亡。新出现的证据表明，miRNAs 是哺乳动物发育的关键参与者，当它们发生改变时，会导致肿瘤发生。然而，迄今为止，只有少数研究集中在 miRNA 在髓母细胞瘤中的作用上，髓母细胞瘤是最常见的小儿脑恶性肿瘤。这些肿瘤发生在小脑，其起源可能归因于发育过程中神经祖细胞的不受调节增殖。为了开发和实施更有效、毒性更小的靶向治疗，有必要了解正常大脑发育和髓母细胞瘤发病机制之间的相互作用。对小鼠和人髓母细胞瘤的 miRNA 表达谱分析导致了与髓母细胞瘤的分子亚群、肿瘤诊断和对治疗的反应相关的特征的鉴定，以及具有潜在临床相关性的新的靶标。这篇综述总结了髓母细胞瘤和正常大脑发育的 miRNA 最新文献。
