Johnson-Greene Doug, Touradji Pegah, Emmerson Lindsay C
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami - Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):321-9. doi: 10.1310/tsr1605-321.
Screening tests for memory can be administered more quickly than standard tests of memory. They can be particularly useful with patients with acute medical illness or with the elderly who are unable to tolerate complex or lengthy memory testing, such as patients with acute stroke. However, screening measures for memory often lack validation and may have significant psychometric limitations. The purpose of this study was to validate and determine the psychometric properties of the Three Cities Test (TCT), a short test of memory that uses a selective reminding paradigm and the names of well-known cities as stimuli. The TCT was administered to 115 subjects: 60 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents (Stroke group) and 55 age-matched orthopedic control patients (Ortho group). Results show that the TCT was significantly correlated with general measures of cognition (MMSE), another well-validated measure of learning and memory (HVLT-R), and clinical variables such as length of hospitalization and functional recovery. Compared to the Ortho group, the Stroke group had significantly worse performance on the TCT in terms of number of trials to criterion, delayed recall, and recognition discrimination. Preliminary results suggest that this instrument is well-received by patients with acute medical illness and cognitive impairment and that it possesses good construct and discriminative validity. Sensitivity and specificity performance as well as recommended cut scores are offered for the TCT.
记忆筛查测试比标准记忆测试实施起来更快。对于患有急性内科疾病的患者或无法耐受复杂或冗长记忆测试的老年人（如急性中风患者），这些测试可能特别有用。然而，记忆筛查措施往往缺乏效度验证，可能存在显著的心理测量学局限性。本研究的目的是验证并确定三城市测试（TCT）的心理测量学特性，这是一种简短的记忆测试，采用选择性提醒范式，并以知名城市的名称作为刺激物。对115名受试者进行了TCT测试：60名急性脑血管意外患者（中风组）和55名年龄匹配的骨科对照患者（骨科组）。结果表明，TCT与认知综合测量指标（简易精神状态检查表）、另一种经过充分效度验证的学习和记忆测量指标（修订版霍普金斯词语学习测验）以及住院时间和功能恢复等临床变量显著相关。与骨科组相比，中风组在达到标准所需的试验次数、延迟回忆和识别辨别方面，TCT表现明显更差。初步结果表明，该工具受到急性内科疾病和认知障碍患者的欢迎，并且具有良好的结构效度和区分效度。文中给出了TCT的敏感性和特异性表现以及推荐的划界分数。
