Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Midwestern Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland.
J Dig Dis. 2009 Nov;10(4):237-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2009.00392.x.
Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) commonly report the precipitation of symptoms on food ingestion. Though the role of dietary constituents in IBS has not been extensively studied, food could contribute to symptom onset or even the causation of IBS through a number of mechanisms. First, the physiological response of the intestine to food ingestion could precipitate symptoms in predisposed individuals; second, there is some evidence that allergy or intolerance to a particular food can produce IBS-like symptoms, third, certain foods may alter the composition of the luminal milieu, either directly or indirectly through effects on bacterial metabolism, and thus induce symptoms and, finally, IBS may develop following exposure to food-borne pathogens. Anticipatory, psychological factors generated by previous negative experiences with food ingestion or other factors may also contribute though their contribution has been scarcely quantified. Not surprisingly, there is considerable interest in the potential roles of diet and food supplements in the therapy of IBS; for the most part, the evidence base for such recommendations remains slim though certain probiotics show considerable promise.
肠易激综合征（IBS）患者常报告在进食后出现症状加重。尽管饮食成分在 IBS 中的作用尚未得到广泛研究，但食物可能通过多种机制导致症状发作甚至引发 IBS。首先，肠道对食物摄入的生理反应可能会诱发易患个体的症状；其次，有一些证据表明对特定食物的过敏或不耐受会产生类似 IBS 的症状；第三，某些食物可能会直接或间接地通过影响细菌代谢来改变腔内容物的组成，从而引起症状；最后，IBS 可能会在暴露于食源性病原体后发生。预期的、由先前与食物摄入相关的负面经历或其他因素产生的心理因素也可能会起到作用，但这些作用的定量研究还很少。毫不奇怪，人们对饮食和食物补充剂在 IBS 治疗中的潜在作用非常感兴趣；尽管某些益生菌显示出很大的希望，但此类建议的证据基础仍然很少。
