Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld., Australia.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009 Dec;25(6):317-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00472.x.
Geographically, Queensland presents an extreme ultraviolet exposure climate to members of the public engaged in outdoor recreational activity. The risk of developing a skin cancer or an eye disease as a result of incidental exposure to naturally occurring ultraviolet radiation in the outdoor environment is proportionately high in a Queensland population compared with fair-skinned population groups residing in comparable Northern Hemisphere latitudes. In contrast to these risks, elderly members of this high growth population group have been reported to be vitamin D deficient. The risks and potential benefits of exposure to sunlight in southern Queensland are assessed in this study with respect to recreational golfing. This sport is a popular recreational activity for the Queensland population and must be played during daylight hours.
The erythemal and vitamin D effective ultraviolet exposure measured to the forearm, upper back and vertex are presented for individuals playing golf under various atmospheric conditions in a 7-month period extending from summer to winter.
Mean summertime exposures were measured in the 2008 study period as be 1.4, 2.2 and 3.2 standard erythema doses (SED) at forearm, upper back and vertex sites, respectively, compared with respective wintertime forearm, upper back and vertex exposures of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 SED, where summertime exposures were recorded in the mean solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges of 56-59 degrees and wintertime exposures were recorded in the mean SZA range 74-83 degrees. Vitamin D(3) effective exposures were determined to vary from between 225, 325 and 475 J/m(2) during summer and 48, 59 and 88 J/m(2) during winter for the respective forearm, upper back and vertex body sites measured in the above mean SZA ranges.
Exposures to ambient ultraviolet during winter on the golf course between 15:00 and 17:30 hours could be beneficial for office workers for the production of vitamin D. Optimizing exposure periods to late afternoon in the winter months and taking adequate sun protection measures in the summer months are important strategies that golfers can utilize for long-term preventative health.
从地理位置上看，昆士兰州的公众在从事户外休闲活动时，会受到极端紫外线的照射。与居住在可比的北半球纬度的白种人群体相比，昆士兰州的人群因意外暴露于户外环境中的自然紫外线而患上皮肤癌或眼疾的风险要高得多。与这些风险形成对比的是，据报道，该高增长人群组的老年成员维生素 D 缺乏。本研究评估了昆士兰州南部阳光照射的风险和潜在益处，具体涉及高尔夫休闲活动。对于昆士兰州的民众来说，高尔夫是一种受欢迎的休闲活动，而且必须在白天进行。
在 7 个月的时间里，从夏季到冬季，我们对在各种大气条件下打高尔夫球的个体的前臂、上背部和头顶的红斑和维生素 D 有效紫外线暴露量进行了测量。
在 2008 年的研究期间，夏季的平均暴露量分别为前臂、上背部和头顶部位的 1.4、2.2 和 3.2 个标准红斑剂量（SED），而冬季相应的前臂、上背部和头顶部位的暴露量分别为 0.2、0.3 和 0.5 SED，夏季的平均太阳天顶角（SZA）范围为 56-59 度，冬季的平均 SZA 范围为 74-83 度。在上述平均 SZA 范围内测量的前臂、上背部和头顶的维生素 D(3)有效暴露量分别为 225、325 和 475 J/m(2)，夏季为 48、59 和 88 J/m(2)，冬季为 48、59 和 88 J/m(2)。
在冬季 15:00 至 17:30 之间打高尔夫球时，室外环境中的紫外线照射对上班族的维生素 D 生成可能有益。在冬季的傍晚时分优化暴露时间，并在夏季采取适当的防晒措施，这是高尔夫球手可以长期采取的预防健康的重要策略。
