Institute of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jan 13;58(1):441-8. doi: 10.1021/jf902643e.
This study was designed to examine the composition of extracts and essential oil components from Nelumbo nucifera leaves from the principal habitats in China. The amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins in the lotus leaf extracts varied widely, ranging from 354 to 487 mg/g gallic acid equivalents, from 172 to 236 mg/g rutin equivalents, and from 124 to 179 mg/g catechin equivalents, respectively. All of the extracts had strong antioxidant activity in comparison to the standard compounds butylated hydroxytoluene and vitamin C. Wild lotus samples from Baiyangdian Lake and Weishan Lake exhibited a stronger free radical scavenging effect and greater reducing power than the cultural samples, but no such differences were observed in the inhibition of lipid oxidation. Chemical variation in the essential oils from the various samples was analyzed by GC-MS. The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (0-33.5%), trans-phytol (5.1-24.1%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (5.6-15.3%), pentadecyl acrylate (2.2-12.4%), geranyl acetone (1.9-8.0%), and beta-ionone (0-8.0%). The rhizome lotus and seed lotus samples were clustered into separate groups by hierarchical cluster analysis according to the composition of the corresponding essential oils. No significant relationship was found between essential oil composition and geographical distribution of the 11 populations. However, the results indicated that region of origin and growing conditions could significantly affect both the bioactivities of the lotus leaf and the content of bioactive compounds in the leaves. Thus, the existence of chemical polymorphism in the N. nucifera leaf in China was demonstrated.
本研究旨在考察中国主要产地的荷叶提取物和精油成分的组成。荷叶提取物中酚类、类黄酮和原花青素的含量差异很大，分别为 354 至 487mg/g 没食子酸当量、172 至 236mg/g 芦丁当量和 124 至 179mg/g 儿茶素当量。与标准化合物叔丁基对苯二酚和维生素 C 相比，所有提取物均具有较强的抗氧化活性。与栽培样品相比，来自白洋淀和微山湖的野生荷花样品具有更强的自由基清除作用和更大的还原能力，但在抑制脂质氧化方面没有观察到这种差异。通过 GC-MS 分析了不同样品精油的化学变化。主要成分是 l-(+)-抗坏血酸 2,6-二己酸酯（0-33.5%）、反式植醇（5.1-24.1%）、六氢法呢基丙酮（5.6-15.3%）、十五烷基丙烯酰胺（2.2-12.4%）、香叶基丙酮（1.9-8.0%）和β-紫罗兰酮（0-8.0%）。根据相应精油的组成，通过层次聚类分析将根茎莲和子莲样品聚类为不同的组。在 11 个种群的地理分布中未发现精油组成与地理分布之间存在显著关系。然而，结果表明，产地和生长条件可以显著影响荷叶的生物活性和叶片中生物活性化合物的含量。因此，证明了中国荷叶中存在化学多态性。
