Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2009 Nov-Dec;13(6):308-12. doi: 10.2310/7750.2009.09010.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially fatal fungal infection occurring in immunocompromised patients.
To determine whether PJP prophylaxis is required in the non-human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) immunocompromised patient and, if so, the optimal prophylactic therapy.
A thorough literature review, with the appropriate MeSH terms, was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and The Cochrane Database. A number of cases describing PJP in patients with various systemic diseases and immunosuppressive medications, along with a Cochrane review, were highlighted.
Although there are a number of case reports in the literature, the only collagen vascular disease with an increased incidence of PJP is Wegener granulomatosis. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to be the prophylaxis of choice for PJP.
There is currently no evidence to recommend PJP prophylaxis in the non-HIV/AIDS immunocompromised population. If physicians do decide to use prophylaxis, they should always weigh the benefits with the potential risks. Further studies are needed to better quantify the risks of PJP with immunosuppressive medications.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PJP）是一种在免疫功能低下的患者中发生的潜在致命真菌感染。
确定非人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）免疫功能低下患者是否需要进行卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎预防，以及如果需要，最佳的预防治疗方法。
使用 PubMed、Medline 和 The Cochrane Database 进行了全面的文献回顾，并使用了适当的 MeSH 术语。强调了一些描述各种系统性疾病和免疫抑制药物患者中卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的病例报告，以及一项 Cochrane 综述。
尽管文献中有许多病例报告，但唯一胶原血管疾病中卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的发病率增加的是韦格纳肉芽肿。口服复方磺胺甲噁唑继续是卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的首选预防药物。
目前没有证据表明非 HIV/AIDS 免疫功能低下人群需要进行卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎预防。如果医生决定使用预防药物，他们应该始终权衡潜在风险和益处。需要进一步的研究来更好地量化免疫抑制药物引起卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的风险。
