蛇毒和昆虫毒液抗人类免疫缺陷病毒的假说：综述
Hypothesis of snake and insect venoms against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a review.
作者信息
Meenakshisundaram Ramachandran, Sweni Shah, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian Ponniah
机构信息
Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.
出版信息
AIDS Res Ther. 2009 Nov 19;6:25. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-6-25.
BACKGROUND
Snake and insect venoms have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects in the treatment of certain diseases including drug resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We evaluated and hypothesized the probable mechanisms of venoms against HIV.
METHODS
Previous literatures published over a period of 30 years (1979-2009) were searched using the key words snake venom, insect venom, mechanisms and HIV. Mechanisms were identified and discussed.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: With reference to mechanisms of action, properties and components of snake venom such as sequence homology and enzymes (protease or L-amino acid oxidase) may have an effect on membrane protein and/or act against HIV at multiple levels or cells carrying HIV virus resulting in enhanced effect of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This may cause a decrease in viral load and improvement in clinical as well as immunological status. Insect venom and human Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) have potential anti-viral activity through inhibition of virion entry into the cells. However, all these require further evaluation in order to establish its role against HIV as an independent one or as a supplement.
背景
蛇毒和昆虫毒液已被证明在治疗某些疾病方面具有有益作用，包括耐药性人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染。我们评估并推测了毒液抗HIV的可能机制。
方法
使用关键词“蛇毒”“昆虫毒液”“机制”和“HIV”搜索了过去30年（1979 - 2009年）发表的文献。确定并讨论了相关机制。
结果与结论
就作用机制而言，蛇毒的特性和成分，如序列同源性和酶（蛋白酶或L - 氨基酸氧化酶）可能会对膜蛋白产生影响，和/或在多个层面作用于携带HIV病毒的细胞，从而增强抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的效果。这可能会导致病毒载量降低，并改善临床和免疫状况。昆虫毒液和人磷脂酶A2（PLA2）通过抑制病毒粒子进入细胞具有潜在的抗病毒活性。然而，所有这些都需要进一步评估，以确定其作为独立或补充手段对抗HIV的作用。
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