Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):114-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c6a04a.
The present study was aimed to compare the pacing pattern adopted by women and men in races performed during a complete World Cup series. Elite skaters competed in long-distance races of different length (3,000, 5,000, and 10,000 m) and location (low/high altitude) where distribution of lap times were analyzed. Regardless of athletes' performance level, gender, or rinks' location, similar pacing patterns were observed in each event, which were characterized by an initial acceleration followed by a progressive delay in lap times-"positive pacing strategy". Differences in lap times were significant in each instance for women's 3,000 m (p < 0.001). For the 5,000 m races, laps 5-12 in women and laps 8-12 in men were slower compared with previous laps (p < 0.001, for both sexes). For men's 10,000 m, skaters performed only the first lap faster than the remaining laps (p < 0.001) with laps 2-7 not different from each other but faster than laps 19-24 (p < 0.05), which also did not differ from each other. Top-ranked compared with bottom-ranked skaters (p < 0.001) and male compared with female skaters (p < 0.001) were significantly faster at each lap, suggesting that technical or physiological or both aspects need to be developed in those. The significantly shorter lap times at high- compared with low-altitude races (p < 0.001) suggest that rinks' location appears to be important for performance outcome, at elite level.
本研究旨在比较在整个世界杯系列赛中进行的比赛中女性和男性采用的配速模式。精英滑冰运动员参加了不同长度（3000 米、5000 米和 10000 米）和位置（低海拔/高海拔）的长距离比赛，分析了圈时的分布。无论运动员的表现水平、性别或溜冰场的位置如何，每个项目都观察到了类似的配速模式，其特点是初始加速，随后圈时逐渐延迟-“积极的配速策略”。女性 3000 米的圈时差异在每种情况下都非常显著（p<0.001）。对于 5000 米比赛，女性的第 5-12 圈和男性的第 8-12 圈比前几圈慢（p<0.001，男女均如此）。对于男子 10000 米，滑冰者仅第一圈比其余圈快（p<0.001），第 2-7 圈彼此之间没有差异，但比第 19-24 圈快（p<0.05），第 19-24 圈彼此之间也没有差异。排名靠前的滑冰者（p<0.001）和男性滑冰者（p<0.001）比排名靠后的滑冰者和女性滑冰者每圈都快，这表明在这些方面需要发展技术或生理或两者兼而有之。与低海拔比赛相比，高海拔比赛的圈时明显更短（p<0.001），这表明溜冰场的位置似乎对精英水平的表现结果很重要。
