Deaner Robert O, Carter Rickey E, Joyner Michael J, Hunter Sandra K
1Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI; 2Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and 4Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Mar;47(3):607-16. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000432.
Studies on nonelite distance runners suggest that men are more likely than women to slow their pace in a marathon.
This study determined the reliability of the sex difference in pacing across many marathons and after adjusting women's performances by 12% to address men's greater maximal oxygen uptake and also incorporating information on racing experience.
Data were acquired from 14 US marathons in 2011 and encompassed 91,929 performances. For 2929 runners, we obtained experience data from a race-aggregating Web site. We operationalized pace maintenance as the percentage change in pace observed in the second half of the marathon relative to the first half. Pace maintenance was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: "maintain the pace," defined as slowing <10%, and "marked slowing," defined as slowing ≥30%.
The mean change in pace was 15.6% and 11.7% for men and women, respectively (P < 0.0001). This sex difference was significant for all 14 marathons. The odds for women were 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.50; P < 0.0001) times higher than men to maintain the pace and 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.38; P < 0.0001) times that of men to exhibit marked slowing. Slower finishing times were associated with greater slowing, especially in men (interaction, P < 0.0001). However, the sex difference in pacing occurred across age and finishing time groups. Making the 12% adjustment to women's performances lessened the magnitude of the sex difference in pacing but not its occurrence. Although greater experience was associated with less slowing, controlling for the experience variables did not eliminate the sex difference in pacing.
The sex difference in pacing is robust. It may reflect sex differences in physiology, decision making, or both.
对非精英长跑运动员的研究表明，在马拉松比赛中男性比女性更有可能放慢速度。
本研究确定了在众多马拉松比赛中，以及在将女性的成绩调整12%以考虑男性更大的最大摄氧量并纳入比赛经验信息后，配速性别差异的可靠性。
数据来自2011年美国的14场马拉松比赛，涵盖91929次成绩。对于2929名跑步者，我们从一个比赛汇总网站获得了经验数据。我们将配速维持定义为马拉松后半程相对于前半程观察到的配速变化百分比。配速维持作为连续变量和两个分类变量进行分析，如下：“维持配速”定义为减速<10%，“显著减速”定义为减速≥30%。
男性和女性的平均配速变化分别为15.6%和11.7%（P<0.0001）。这种性别差异在所有14场马拉松比赛中均显著。女性维持配速的几率比男性高1.46倍（95%置信区间，1.41 - 1.50；P<0.0001），显著减速的几率是男性的0.36倍（95%置信区间，0.34 - 0.38；P<0.0001）。完赛时间越慢，减速越大，尤其是在男性中（交互作用，P<0.0001）。然而，配速的性别差异在不同年龄和完赛时间组中均存在。对女性成绩进行12%的调整减小了配速性别差异的幅度，但并未消除这种差异。虽然更多的经验与更少的减速相关，但控制经验变量并不能消除配速的性别差异。
配速的性别差异是稳健的。它可能反映了生理或决策方面的性别差异，或两者兼而有之。
