School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 30;19(17):10830. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710830.
The mass start speed skating (MSSS) is a new event for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. Considering that the event rankings were based on points gained on laps, it is worthwhile to investigate the pacing behaviors on each lap that directly influence the skater's ranking at the end of the race. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the pacing behavior on the MSSS. The aim of this study was to analyze the pacing behaviors and performance on MSSS regarding skaters' level (SL), competition stage (semi-final/final) (CS), and gender (G). All the male and female races in the World Cup and World Championships were analyzed during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons. As a result, a total of 601 skaters (male = 350 and female = 251) from 36 games (male = 21 and female = 15) were observed. The one-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare skaters' pacing behavior on each lap, and the three-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to identify the influence of SL, CS, and G on skaters' pacing behaviors and total time spent. In general, the results showed that the pacing behaviors from fast to slow were group one (laps 4, 8, 12, 15, 16), group two (laps 5, 9, 13, 14), group three (laps 3, 6, 7, 10, 11), and group four (laps 1 and 2) ( ≤ 0.001 for all groups). For CS, the total time spent in the final was less than the semi-final ( ≤ 0.001). For SL, top-level skaters spent less total time than the middle-level and low-level skaters ( ≤ 0.002), while there was no significant difference between the middle and low levels ( = 0.214). For G, the male skaters spent less total time than females on all laps ( ≤ 0.048). Current findings could help coaching staff to better understand the pacing behaviors regarding SL, CS, and G. In particular, the identified performance trends may allow controlling for pacing strategy and decision making before and during the race.
团体追逐速滑（MSSS）是 2018 年平昌冬奥会的新增项目。考虑到该项目的排名是基于圈数得分，因此，研究每圈的配速行为具有重要意义，因为配速行为直接影响运动员在比赛结束时的排名。据我们所知，这是第一项研究 MSSS 配速行为的研究。本研究旨在分析 MSSS 中运动员的水平（SL）、比赛阶段（半决赛/决赛）（CS）和性别（G）对配速行为和表现的影响。在 2018-2019 赛季和 2019-2020 赛季期间，分析了世界杯和世锦赛中所有男子和女子的比赛。结果，观察了来自 36 场比赛（男子=21 场，女子=15 场）的 601 名运动员（男子=350 名，女子=251 名）。采用重复测量的单向方差分析比较了每个圈的运动员配速行为，采用重复测量的三向方差分析确定了 SL、CS 和 G 对运动员配速行为和总用时的影响。总体而言，结果表明，从快到慢的配速行为依次为组 1（第 4、8、12、15、16 圈）、组 2（第 5、9、13、14 圈）、组 3（第 3、6、7、10、11 圈）和组 4（第 1 和第 2 圈）（所有组均≤0.001）。对于 CS，决赛中的总用时少于半决赛（≤0.001）。对于 SL，高水平运动员的总用时少于中低水平运动员（≤0.002），而中低水平运动员之间没有显著差异（=0.214）。对于 G，男性运动员在所有圈的总用时均少于女性（≤0.048）。目前的研究结果可以帮助教练团队更好地了解关于 SL、CS 和 G 的配速行为。特别是，确定的表现趋势可以在比赛前和比赛期间控制配速策略和决策。
