Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington 98109-1023, USA.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2009 Dec 1;13(6):349-57. doi: 10.1007/BF03256340.
When cancer is detected early, patients live longer, require less extensive treatment, and in general fare better than patients with more advanced disease. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Breast cancer screening through mammography has shown significant mortality reduction in clinical trials through the early detection of disease. This article aims to outline novel methods of indirect and direct detection of breast cancer through biomarkers. Proteomics and gene expression profiling methods will likely be important tools in regard to cancer detection in the future. Blood-based biomarker development is the furthest along and, either in the form of proteins or RNA, shows promise to lead to early detection techniques. Unfortunately, procedures aiming to analyze the breast tissue more directly have not had the desired outcomes thus far for the early detection of breast cancer. Appropriate development of these potential early detection and diagnostic tests is necessary prior to their clinical application, with special attention to their specificity to avoid overdiagnosis.
当癌症被早期发现时，患者的存活时间更长，所需的治疗范围更小，总体来说比病情更严重的患者预后更好。乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症。通过乳房 X 光摄影进行乳腺癌筛查已通过早期发现疾病显示出在临床试验中显著降低死亡率。本文旨在概述通过生物标志物间接和直接检测乳腺癌的新方法。蛋白质组学和基因表达谱分析方法可能是未来癌症检测的重要工具。基于血液的生物标志物开发是进展最迅速的，无论是蛋白质还是 RNA，都有望带来早期检测技术。不幸的是，迄今为止，旨在更直接地分析乳房组织的程序并没有达到早期检测乳腺癌的预期效果。在将这些潜在的早期检测和诊断测试应用于临床之前，有必要对其进行适当的开发，并特别注意其特异性，以避免过度诊断。
