Touré-Fall A O, Dièye T N D, Sall A, Diop M, Seck M, Diop S, Thiam D, Diakhaté L
Service d'hématologie, hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, BP 6648, Dakar étoile, Sénégal.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2009 Nov-Dec;16(5-6):439-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2009.09.005.
Using of safety blood products did not stop improving these last years. The use of effective methods as well immunologicals as virologicals ones really reduces risk associated to blood transfusion. However, it persists residual risk (RR) of transfusion transmitted viral diseases. The aim of our study was to detect cases of seroconversion for HIV,and HBV among donors in the Senegalese national blood bank. And then, we estimated the RR of these virus.
We led a transverse retrospective study from 2003 (January 1st) to 2005 (December 31st). Had been included donors with at least two donations of blood during the period of study. They had to be seronegative for HIV and HBV after the first donation. All donors with only one donation had been excluded. RR was estimated by multiplying incidence rates by the durations of the window periods.
During 3 years, we collected 425,503 donations; 388 were positive for HIV and 4240 for HBV. But we noted only two cases of seroconversion for HIV and 23 for HBV. So, RR estimated was 3,5 in 100,000 donation for HIV and 102,45 in 100,000 donations for VHB.
It emerges from this study that the risk of blood transmitted virus is always high. Introduction of more sensitive tests (as nucleic acid testing) would allow us to deliver more safety products.
在过去几年中，安全血液制品的使用一直在不断改进。使用有效的免疫和病毒学方法确实降低了输血相关风险。然而，输血传播病毒疾病的残余风险（RR）仍然存在。我们研究的目的是在塞内加尔国家血库的献血者中检测HIV和HBV血清转化病例。然后，我们估计了这些病毒的RR。
我们进行了一项从2003年1月1日至2005年12月31日的横向回顾性研究。纳入的献血者在研究期间至少有两次献血。他们在首次献血后必须HIV和HBV血清学阴性。所有仅献过一次血的献血者均被排除。RR通过发病率乘以窗口期持续时间来估计。
在3年期间，我们收集了425,503份献血；其中388份HIV检测呈阳性，4240份HBV检测呈阳性。但我们仅注意到2例HIV血清转化病例和23例HBV血清转化病例。因此，估计的RR为每100,000份献血中HIV有3.5例，HBV有102.45例。
这项研究表明，血液传播病毒的风险仍然很高。引入更敏感的检测方法（如核酸检测）将使我们能够提供更安全的产品。
