Storry J R, Olsson M L
Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Immunohematology. 2009;25(2):48-59.
The antigens of the ABO system were the first to be recognized as blood groups and actually the first human genetic markers known. Their presence and the realization of naturally occurring antibodies to those antigens lacking from the cells made sense of the erratic failure of blood transfusion hitherto and opened up the possibility of a safe treatment practice in life-threatening blood loss. Although initially apparently simple, the ABO system has come to grow in complexity over the years. The mass of knowledge relating to carbohydrate chemistry, enzymology, molecular genetics, and structural and evolutionary biology is now enormous thanks to more than a century of research using ABO as a principal model. This has provided us with data to form a solid platform of evidence-based transfusion and transplantation medicine used every day in laboratories and clinics around the globe. This review aims to summarize key findings and recent progress made toward further understanding of this surprisingly polymorphic system.
ABO系统的抗原是最早被识别为血型的，实际上也是已知的首批人类遗传标记。它们的存在以及对细胞中所缺乏的那些抗原存在天然抗体的认识，解释了此前输血时常出现的意外失败，并开启了在危及生命的失血情况下进行安全治疗的可能性。尽管最初看似简单，但多年来ABO系统已变得日益复杂。由于以ABO为主要模型进行了一个多世纪的研究，如今与碳水化合物化学、酶学、分子遗传学以及结构和进化生物学相关的知识量极为庞大。这为我们提供了数据，形成了一个坚实的循证输血和移植医学平台，全球各地的实验室和诊所每天都在使用。本综述旨在总结在进一步理解这个惊人的多态系统方面取得的关键发现和最新进展。
