Barański Bogusław, Boczkowski Andrzej
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Lódź.
Med Pr. 2009;60(4):289-301.
Health and safety at work is frequently perceived as a domain to be protected exclusively against occupational hazards without taking into account socio-demographic determinants and non-occupational factors dependent on work culture and quality of life. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of socio-demographic determinants on self-assessed health status and frequency of health complaints in workers employed in a large institution as well as the perception of the influence of working conditions on their health and the occurrence of selected diseases and health complaints.
The study was carried out in the entire population of employees of a large institution. Information that remained anonymous was collected using a questionnaire completed by the employees themselves. The strength of relationship was analyzed between the following three groups of variables: (1) self-assessed health status; (2) objectivized (based on reported facts) evaluation of health status; and (3) socio-demographic determinants.
The socio-demographic determinants have considerable impact on self-reported health status and frequency of health complaints and diseases linked and not-linked by respondents with working conditions. The frequency of responses indicating the relationship between work and health complaints were dependent on gender and duration of employment in the institution. The number of reported diseases and health complaints was influenced by gender, age, duration of employment and the respondents' level of education. Summing up, the following groups of respondents evaluated their health as worse than that of others: (1) persons aged over 50 years; (2) persons working 16 or more years in the institution, (3) persons with other than university education; (4) person with overweight. The results indicate that the health policy of institutions and enterprises should take into account socio-demographic determinants in the working population.
工作场所的健康与安全常常被视为一个仅需防范职业危害的领域，而未考虑社会人口学决定因素以及依赖于工作文化和生活质量的非职业因素。本研究旨在评估社会人口学决定因素对一家大型机构员工自我评估的健康状况和健康投诉频率的影响，以及对工作条件对其健康影响的认知和特定疾病与健康投诉的发生情况。
该研究在一家大型机构的全体员工中进行。通过员工自行填写问卷收集匿名信息。分析了以下三组变量之间的关系强度：（1）自我评估的健康状况；（2）基于报告事实的客观化健康状况评估；（3）社会人口学决定因素。
社会人口学决定因素对自我报告的健康状况以及受访者认为与工作条件相关和不相关的健康投诉及疾病频率有相当大的影响。表明工作与健康投诉之间存在关系的回答频率取决于性别和在该机构的工作时长。报告的疾病和健康投诉数量受性别、年龄、工作时长和受访者教育水平的影响。总之，以下几组受访者将自己的健康状况评估得比其他人差：（1）50岁以上的人；（2）在该机构工作16年或更长时间的人；（3）非大学学历的人；（4）超重的人。结果表明，机构和企业的健康政策应考虑工作人群中的社会人口学决定因素。
