Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010 Dec;64(12):1056-61. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.093799. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
Gender-based violence is viewed as a significant problem in conflict-affected regions throughout the world. However, humanitarian organizations typically have been unable to reliably estimate the incidence of rape, intimate partner violence and other forms of sexual abuse in such settings. Such estimates are required to inform programming in contexts such as northern Uganda.
We sought to establish incidence rates for gender-based violence in internally-displaced-persons camps in northern Uganda. The assessments involved a "neighbourhood methodology," in which adult female heads of household reported about their own, their sisters' and their neighbours' experiences. 299 households were selected for interview across four camps by using systematic random sampling.
Interviews were completed by 204 respondents (5 women having declined interview and 90 not having been successfully contacted). These respondents reported on themselves, a total of 268 sisters and 1206 neighbours. Reports with respect to these alternative populations produced estimates of overall incidence of intimate partner violence in the past year of 51.7% (95% CI 44.8 to 58.7; respondents), 44.0% (95% CI 41.2 to 46.9; respondents' sisters) and 36.5% (95% CI 30.7 to 42.3; respondents' neighbours). In the same period, estimates of incidence of forced sex by husbands were 41.0% (95% CI 34.2% to 47.8%), 22.1% (95% CI 17.0 to 27.2) and 25.1% (95% CI 22.5 to 27.6), respectively, with incidence of rape by a perpetrator other than an intimate partner estimated at 5.0% (95% CI 2.0% to 8.0%), 4.2% (95% CI 1.8 to 6.6) and 4.3% (95% CI 3.1 to 5.5), respectively.
Gender-based violence-particularly intimate partner violence-is commonplace in postconflict Uganda. The neighbourhood method provides a promising approach to estimating human right violations in humanitarian settings.
在世界各地受冲突影响的地区，性别暴力被视为一个严重的问题。然而，人道主义组织通常无法可靠地估计这些地区强奸、亲密伴侣暴力和其他形式性虐待的发生率。在乌干达北部等情况下，需要这些估计数来为方案规划提供信息。
我们试图确定乌干达北部境内流离失所者难民营中性别暴力的发生率。评估采用了“邻里方法”，即成年女户主报告自己、姐妹和邻居的经历。通过系统随机抽样，在四个难民营中选择了 299 户进行访谈。
有 204 名受访者（5 名妇女拒绝接受访谈，90 名未能成功联系）完成了访谈。这些受访者报告了自己、总共 268 名姐妹和 1206 名邻居的情况。根据这些替代人群的报告，得出过去一年中亲密伴侣暴力的总发生率估计数为：51.7%（95%CI 44.8 至 58.7；受访者）、44.0%（95%CI 41.2 至 46.9；受访者的姐妹）和 36.5%（95%CI 30.7 至 42.3；受访者的邻居）。同期，丈夫强迫发生性关系的发生率估计数分别为 41.0%（95%CI 34.2%至 47.8%）、22.1%（95%CI 17.0%至 27.2%）和 25.1%（95%CI 22.5%至 27.6%），而不是亲密伴侣的其他人实施强奸的发生率估计数分别为 5.0%（95%CI 2.0%至 8.0%）、4.2%（95%CI 1.8%至 6.6%）和 4.3%（95%CI 3.1%至 5.5%）。
性别暴力，尤其是亲密伴侣暴力，在乌干达冲突后时期很常见。邻里方法为在人道主义环境中估计侵犯人权的情况提供了一个有希望的方法。
