Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 30;23(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15109-9.
Ethiopia has seen an increase in the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to conflict and violence related to border-based disputes and climate change. This study examines the insecurities experienced by IDPs in the Burayu camp and how they navigate and challenge them. Violence and insecurity have daunted Ethiopian regions for decades, violated children's rights, and impeded the achievement of the United Nation's sustainable development goals related to children, such as good healthcare and mental health, quality education, clean water, and sanitation. The deteriorating security concerns in Ethiopia could also expose IDP children to poor health outcomes associated with a lack of access to healthcare services.
This was an exploratory qualitative case study guided by intersectionality theoretical lens to explore the forms of insecurities perceived and experienced by IDPs in Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a purposeful sampling approach. We interviewed 20 children, 20 parents or guardians, and 13 service providers. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim in Afan Oromo, then translated into English. We used NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software to analyze data following Braun & Clarke's approach to thematic data analysis.
The participants reported that IDP children in Burayu town faced many challenges related to poor socioeconomic conditions that exposed them to several insecurities and negatively affected their well-being. They reported inadequate access to clothing and shelter, clean water, sanitary facilities, food, and adequate healthcare due to financial barriers, lack of drugs, and quality of care. Our data analysis shows that socioeconomic and contextual factors intersect to determine the health and well-being of children in the Ethiopian IDP camp studied. The children experienced insecurities while navigating their daily lives. This is compounded by institutional practices that shape gender relations, income status, and access to healthcare, education, and food. These deficiencies expose children to traumatic events that could decrease future livelihood prospects and lead to compromised mental health, rendering them susceptible to prolonged post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Results are presented under the following topics: (1) basic needs insecurity, (2) healthcare insecurity, (3) academic insecurity, (4) economic insecurity, (5) food insecurity, and (6) physical and mental health insecurity.
Successful relocation and reintegration of IDPs would help to alleviate both parent and child post-conflict stressors. Managing and following up on economic reintegration efforts is needed in both the short and long term. Such measures will help to achieve goals for specific projects attached to donor support outcomes, consequently enabling social support and conflict resolution management efforts.
由于与边境争端和气候变化有关的冲突和暴力，埃塞俄比亚的境内流离失所者（IDPs）人数有所增加。本研究考察了 Burayu 难民营中 IDPs 所经历的不安全状况，以及他们如何应对和挑战这些不安全状况。几十年来，暴力和不安全一直困扰着埃塞俄比亚的各个地区，侵犯了儿童的权利，并阻碍了联合国与儿童有关的可持续发展目标的实现，如良好的医疗保健和心理健康、优质教育、清洁水和卫生设施。埃塞俄比亚不断恶化的安全问题也可能使 IDP 儿童面临与缺乏医疗保健服务相关的不良健康后果。
这是一项探索性定性案例研究，以交叉性理论视角为指导，探讨埃塞俄比亚 IDPs 所感知和经历的不安全形式。参与者是通过目的性抽样方法选择的。我们采访了 20 名儿童、20 名父母或监护人以及 13 名服务提供者。访谈以奥罗莫语录音，并逐字逐句转录，然后翻译成英语。我们使用 NVivo 12 定性数据分析软件，按照 Braun 和 Clarke 的主题数据分析方法分析数据。
参与者报告说，Burayu 镇的 IDP 儿童面临许多与贫困社会经济条件有关的挑战，这些挑战使他们面临多种不安全因素，并对他们的福祉产生负面影响。他们报告说，由于经济障碍、缺乏药物和护理质量，他们无法获得足够的衣物、住所、清洁水、卫生设施、食物和适当的医疗保健。我们的数据分析表明，社会经济和背景因素相互作用，决定了研究中的埃塞俄比亚 IDP 营地儿童的健康和福祉。儿童在日常生活中经历了不安全因素。这因塑造性别关系、收入状况和获得医疗保健、教育和食物的机构做法而更加复杂。这些缺陷使儿童容易遭受创伤事件，从而降低未来的生计前景，并导致心理健康受损，使他们容易患上长期创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症。结果在以下主题下呈现：（1）基本需求不安全，（2）医疗保健不安全，（3）学业不安全，（4）经济不安全，（5）粮食不安全，（6）身心健康不安全。
成功的境内流离失所者重新安置和重返社会将有助于减轻父母和儿童的冲突后压力源。需要在短期和长期内管理和跟踪经济重返社会的努力。这些措施将有助于实现与捐助者支持成果相关的具体项目的目标，从而使社会支持和冲突解决管理努力成为可能。
