University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland District Health Board Manaaki House Community Mental Health Centre, 15 Pleasant View Rd, Panmure, Auckland, New Zealand.
Psychiatr Danub. 2009 Dec;21(4):453-62.
This paper explores the essential features of recovery and the need for an existential approach in psychiatry. The biopsychosocial model often fails to sufficiently validate the existential suffering of patients. We review the major principles of recovery and the philosophical and psychiatric principles of existentialism. The ontological or intrinsic existential issues of death, isolation, freedom and meaninglessness are described and their manifestations are explored in clinical syndromes. When ultimate existential concerns are recognised, patients have an opportunity to understand their life on a deeper level that is not defined as a medical disorder but as a part of human existence. Understanding that existential concerns underlie a great deal of human behaviour helps to free patients from the stigma of psychiatric labels. An existential approach is a humanistic way toward recovery.
本文探讨了康复的基本特征和精神医学中存在主义方法的必要性。生物心理社会模式通常无法充分验证患者的存在性痛苦。我们回顾了康复的主要原则以及存在主义的哲学和精神病学原则。描述了死亡、孤独、自由和无意义等本体论或内在存在问题，并探讨了它们在临床综合征中的表现。当认识到最终的存在性关注时，患者有机会更深入地理解自己的生活，而不是将其定义为一种医学障碍，而是作为人类存在的一部分。理解存在性关注是人类行为的基础，有助于使患者摆脱精神科标签的污名。存在主义方法是一种以人为本的康复途径。
