Längle A
Gesellschaft für Logotherapie und Existenzanalyse, Wien.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1997 Jul;47(7):227-33.
From the existential analytical point of view, anxiety is considered to be a basic theme of existence. The experience of being threatened is most commonly related to the physical and material aspects of life. But on a deeper level anxiety deals with the search for foundational and supporting structures for existence. When one loses the sense of safety of being held and of having shelter in a world that does not offer ultimate securities, one is prone to anxiety. Anxiety can therefore be perceived as a subjective parameter of feeling threatened in the existential structures. This paper gives an outline of an existential analytical approach to the understanding of fear and anxiety, a basic classification of anxieties, and an overview of the following specific methods of an existential treatment search for foundational structures of existence, personal position-taking, dereflexion (Frankl) and paradoxical intention (Frankl).
从存在主义分析的角度来看，焦虑被视为存在的一个基本主题。受到威胁的体验最常与生活的物质层面相关。但在更深层次上，焦虑涉及对存在的基础和支撑结构的探寻。当一个人在一个无法提供终极安全感的世界中失去了被庇护和有安身之所的安全感时，就容易产生焦虑。因此，焦虑可被视为存在结构中感到受威胁的一种主观参数。本文概述了一种存在主义分析方法，用于理解恐惧和焦虑、焦虑的基本分类，以及对以下存在主义治疗具体方法的概述：探寻存在的基础结构、个人立场的采取、去反射作用（弗兰克尔）和矛盾意向（弗兰克尔）。
