Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2009 Sep;54(5):375-90. doi: 10.1007/s12223-009-0053-2. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
White-rot fungi that are efficient lignin degraders responsible for its turnover in nature have appeared twice in the center of biotechnological research - first, when the lignin degradation process started being systematically investigated and major enzyme activities and mechanisms involved were described, and second, when the huge remediation potential of these organisms was established. Originally, Phanerochaete chrysosporium became a model organism, characterized by a secondary metabolism regulatory pattern triggered by nutrient (mostly nitrogen) limitation. Last decade brought evidence of more varied regulatory patterns in white-rot fungi when ligninolytic enzymes were also abundantly synthesized under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Gradually, research was focused on other species, among them Irpex lacteus showing a remarkable pollutant toxicity resistance and biodegradation efficiency. Systematic research has built up knowledge of biochemistry and biotechnological applicability of this fungus, stressing the need to critically summarize and estimate these scattered data. The review attempts to evaluate the information on I. lacteus focusing on various enzyme activities and bioremediation of organopollutants in water and soil environments, with the aim of mediating this knowledge to a broader microbiological audience.
能够高效降解木质素的白腐真菌是自然界中木质素循环的主要贡献者，它们在生物技术研究的中心出现了两次 - 第一次是当木质素降解过程开始被系统地研究，涉及的主要酶活性和机制被描述的时候；第二次是当这些生物体具有巨大的修复潜力被建立的时候。最初，黄孢原毛平革菌成为了一种模式生物，其特点是受营养（主要是氮）限制触发的次级代谢调控模式。过去十年的研究证据表明，在氮充足的条件下，木质素降解酶也大量合成，白腐真菌的调控模式更加多样化。研究逐渐集中在其他物种上，其中包括展示出显著的污染物毒性抗性和生物降解效率的蜜环菌。系统的研究积累了该真菌的生物化学和生物技术应用的知识，强调了需要批判性地总结和评估这些分散的数据。本综述试图评估有关蜜环菌的信息，重点是其在水和土壤环境中对有机污染物的各种酶活性和生物修复，目的是将这些知识传播给更广泛的微生物学受众。
