先天性脑畸形的弥散成像和束流追踪技术。

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.

Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Jan;40(1):59-67. doi: 10.1007/s00247-009-1448-6. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

Diffusion imaging is an MRI modality that measures the microscopic molecular motion of water in order to investigate white matter microstructure. The modality has been used extensively in recent years to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of congenital brain malformations. We review the basic principles of diffusion imaging and of specific techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). We show how DTI and HARDI, and their application to fiber tractography, has elucidated the aberrant connectivity underlying a number of congenital brain malformations. Finally, we discuss potential uses for diffusion imaging of developmental disorders in the clinical and research realms.

扩散成像（Diffusion imaging）是一种磁共振成像（MRI）模式，用于测量水的微观分子运动，以研究白质微观结构。近年来，该模式已被广泛用于研究先天性脑畸形的神经解剖学基础。我们回顾了扩散成像的基本原理和特定技术，包括扩散张量成像（DTI）和高角分辨率扩散成像（HARDI）。我们展示了 DTI 和 HARDI 及其在纤维束追踪中的应用如何阐明了许多先天性脑畸形的异常连接。最后，我们讨论了扩散成像在临床和研究领域中对发育障碍的潜在应用。