Geng Xin, Oliver Guillermo
Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2009 Jun;119(6):1403-13. doi: 10.1172/JCI38937. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
Holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common human forebrain malformation, occurs in 1 in 250 fetuses and 1 in 16,000 live births. HPE is etiologically heterogeneous, and its pathology is variable. Several mouse models of HPE have been generated, and some of the molecular causes of different forms of HPE and the mechanisms underlying its variable pathology have been revealed by these models. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the genetic alterations that cause HPE and discuss some important questions about this disease that remain to be answered.
全前脑畸形(HPE)是人类最常见的前脑畸形,在250例胎儿中就有1例发生,在16000例活产儿中也有1例发生。HPE病因具有异质性,其病理表现多样。已经建立了几种HPE小鼠模型,这些模型揭示了不同形式HPE的一些分子病因及其病理表现多样的潜在机制。在此,我们总结了目前关于导致HPE的基因改变的知识,并讨论了有关这种疾病仍有待解答的一些重要问题。
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