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全前脑畸形的发病机制。

Pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly.

作者信息

Geng Xin, Oliver Guillermo

机构信息

Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.

出版信息

J Clin Invest. 2009 Jun;119(6):1403-13. doi: 10.1172/JCI38937. Epub 2009 Jun 1.


DOI:10.1172/JCI38937
PMID:19487816
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2689134/
Abstract

Holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common human forebrain malformation, occurs in 1 in 250 fetuses and 1 in 16,000 live births. HPE is etiologically heterogeneous, and its pathology is variable. Several mouse models of HPE have been generated, and some of the molecular causes of different forms of HPE and the mechanisms underlying its variable pathology have been revealed by these models. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the genetic alterations that cause HPE and discuss some important questions about this disease that remain to be answered.

摘要

全前脑畸形(HPE)是人类最常见的前脑畸形,在250例胎儿中就有1例发生,在16000例活产儿中也有1例发生。HPE病因具有异质性,其病理表现多样。已经建立了几种HPE小鼠模型,这些模型揭示了不同形式HPE的一些分子病因及其病理表现多样的潜在机制。在此,我们总结了目前关于导致HPE的基因改变的知识,并讨论了有关这种疾病仍有待解答的一些重要问题。

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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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[9]
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[10]
mutation and fetal alcohol converge on Nodal signaling in a mouse model of holoprosencephaly.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
The full spectrum of holoprosencephaly-associated mutations within the ZIC2 gene in humans predicts loss-of-function as the predominant disease mechanism.

Hum Mutat. 2009-4

[2]
Regulation of a remote Shh forebrain enhancer by the Six3 homeoprotein.

Nat Genet. 2008-11

[3]
Mutations in the human SIX3 gene in holoprosencephaly are loss of function.

Hum Mol Genet. 2008-12-15

[4]
Haploinsufficiency of Six3 fails to activate Sonic hedgehog expression in the ventral forebrain and causes holoprosencephaly.

Dev Cell. 2008-8

[5]
Zic2-associated holoprosencephaly is caused by a transient defect in the organizer region during gastrulation.

Hum Mol Genet. 2008-10-1

[6]
Fetal ethanol exposure activates protein kinase A and impairs Shh expression in prechordal mesendoderm cells in the pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly.

Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008-4

[7]
Six3 inactivation causes progressive caudalization and aberrant patterning of the mammalian diencephalon.

Development. 2008-2

[8]
Ongoing sonic hedgehog signaling is required for dorsal midline formation in the developing forebrain.

Dev Neurobiol. 2008-1

[9]
Mutations in the BMP pathway in mice support the existence of two molecular classes of holoprosencephaly.

Development. 2007-11

[10]
Holoprosencephaly: new models, new insights.

Expert Rev Mol Med. 2007-9-24

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