Rogosin Institute, New York, New York, USA.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Dec;30(6):1347-9. doi: 10.1002/jmri.21981.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has been related to the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging studies in patients with kidney disease. After reviewing the pathophysiology of NSF, we discuss the possible factors contributing to the toxicity of gadolinium in susceptible patients, including the excessive amounts of intravenous iron and erythropoietin as well as the inflammatory states commonly seen in patients treated with hemodialysis. Since free gadolinium is the most accepted risk factor for NSF, we provide some suggestions to improve clearance of both free and chelated gadolinium using different dialysis strategies and techniques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1347-1349. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
肾源性系统性纤维化（NSF）与肾病患者磁共振成像研究中使用基于钆的造影剂有关。在回顾 NSF 的病理生理学后，我们讨论了导致易感性患者中钆毒性的可能因素，包括静脉内铁和促红细胞生成素的过量以及接受血液透析治疗的患者中常见的炎症状态。由于游离钆是 NSF 最公认的危险因素，因此我们提供了一些建议，以使用不同的透析策略和技术来改善游离和螯合钆的清除率。J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1347-1349. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
