Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology, Nám. Smirických 1, 281 63 Kostelec n.C.l., Czech Republic.
J Environ Manage. 2010 Mar-Apr;91(4):831-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.013. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
The objective of this study was to test a method for analysing long-term structural changes in non-forest wood elements, using a newly developed classification system and relevant landscape characteristics. Although these non-forest wood elements are biotopes that have positive effects for the ecological stability of the landscape little is known about their long-term dynamics. The newly developed knowledge of the historical impact of various landscape management practices on non-forest wood elements can be applied in landscape planning procedures (e.g. planning ecological networks) in order to ensure relevant landscape management in the future. The method was applied in two contrasting study sites, Honbice (244 ha) and Krida (268 ha), located in east Bohemia and north Bohemia, in the Czech Republic. The study was based on old cadastral maps (from 1839 to 1843), black and white aerial photographs (from 1938, 1950, 1966, 1975 to 2006) and field control data from 2006. At the Honbice study site, the proportion of non-forest wood elements increased from 2.0 to 2.9% of the study site, due to large plantations of scattered vegetation in the open landscape. On the other hand, more than half of the wood vegetation in the village was cut down between 1966 and 2006. In addition, the relative length of the tree alleys decreased from 0.021 km ha(-1) to 0.018 km ha(-1) between 1950 and 1966. At the Krida study site, there was a significant increase in non-forest vegetation (from 2.4 to 8.2%), due to abandonment of the landscape (former military area). As the village disappeared, the total amount of scattered vegetation grew, due to the natural succession process. The relative length of the tree alleys decreased from 0.009 km ha(-1) to 0.005 km ha(-1). The method that was applied and based on the analysis of long-term structural changes in non-forest wood elements, using a (newly developed) classification system and relevant landscape characteristics has proved to be a suitable procedure for making a detailed description of long-term structural changes in non-forest wood elements in the landscape. The detailed classification system can be used most efficiently when it is applied to rather small territories. Some characteristics display a similar ability to describe changes in non-forest wood structures (e.g. relative length, proportion of the category).
本研究的目的是测试一种分析非森林木本元素长期结构变化的方法，使用新开发的分类系统和相关景观特征。尽管这些非森林木本元素是对景观生态稳定性具有积极影响的生物栖息地，但人们对它们的长期动态知之甚少。新开发的关于各种景观管理实践对非森林木本元素的历史影响的知识可应用于景观规划程序（例如规划生态网络），以确保未来相关的景观管理。该方法应用于两个对比研究地点，即位于捷克东部和北部的霍比采（244 公顷）和克里达（268 公顷），研究基于旧地籍图（1839 年至 1843 年）、黑白航空照片（1938 年、1950 年、1966 年、1975 年至 2006 年）和 2006 年的实地控制数据。在霍比采研究点，由于开阔景观中分散植被的大面积种植，非森林木本元素的比例从研究点的 2.0%增加到 2.9%。另一方面，1966 年至 2006 年间，该村一半以上的林木被砍伐。此外，1950 年至 1966 年间，树木通道的相对长度从 0.021 公里/公顷减少到 0.018 公里/公顷。在克里达研究点，由于景观废弃（前军事区），非森林植被（从 2.4%增加到 8.2%）显著增加。随着村庄的消失，由于自然演替过程，分散植被的总量增加。树木通道的相对长度从 0.009 公里/公顷减少到 0.005 公里/公顷。所应用的方法以及基于使用（新开发的）分类系统和相关景观特征的非森林木本元素长期结构变化的分析，已被证明是描述景观中非森林木本元素长期结构变化的详细描述的合适程序。详细的分类系统在应用于较小的领土时效率最高。一些特征显示出类似的描述非森林木本结构变化的能力（例如，相对长度、类别比例）。
