MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Nov 27;58(46):1291-5.
Injection-drug users (IDUs) acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by sharing drug equipment with HIV-infected persons and by engaging in risky sexual behavior. In 2007, injection-drug use was the third most frequently reported risk factor for HIV infection in the United States, after male-to-male sexual contact and high-risk heterosexual contact. To characterize HIV-infected IDUs aged >or=13 years in the United States, CDC analyzed data from the national notifiable disease reporting system for 2004-2007 from the 34 states that had conducted confidential, name-based HIV surveillance since at least 2003. The results of that analysis indicated that, during 2004-2007, 62.2% of IDUs with a new diagnosis of HIV infection were males, 57.5% were blacks or African Americans, and 74.8% lived in urban areas at the time of their HIV diagnosis. In addition, during 2004-2006, approximately 40% of HIV-infected IDUs received late HIV diagnoses (i.e., diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] <12 months after the date of HIV diagnosis). To reduce the prevalence of HIV infection and late HIV diagnosis among IDUs, HIV prevention programs serving IDUs should have comprehensive approaches that incorporate access to HIV testing as part of community-based outreach, drug abuse treatment, and syringe exchange programs.
注射吸毒者通过与感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人共用吸毒器具以及进行危险性行为而感染HIV。2007年，在美国，注射吸毒是报告的第三大最常见的HIV感染危险因素，仅次于男男性接触和高危异性接触。为了描述美国13岁及以上感染HIV的注射吸毒者的特征，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了来自全国法定传染病报告系统的数据，这些数据来自自2003年以来至少开展了基于姓名的保密HIV监测的34个州，时间跨度为2004 - 2007年。该分析结果表明，在2004 - 2007年期间，新诊断出感染HIV的注射吸毒者中，62.2%为男性，57.5%为黑人或非裔美国人，74.8%在确诊HIV时居住在城市地区。此外，在2004 - 2006年期间，约40%感染HIV的注射吸毒者被延迟诊断HIV（即确诊获得性免疫缺陷综合征[艾滋病]在HIV诊断日期后<12个月）。为了降低注射吸毒者中HIV感染率和HIV延迟诊断率，为注射吸毒者服务的HIV预防项目应采取综合方法，将提供HIV检测纳入基于社区的外展服务、药物滥用治疗和注射器交换项目之中。
