农村和城市护理单元的护士工作环境、工作满意度和离职率。
The nurse work environment, job satisfaction and turnover rates in rural and urban nursing units.
机构信息
School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0782, USA.
出版信息
J Nurs Manag. 2009 Dec;17(8):994-1001. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01027.x.
AIM
The aim of the present study was to determine whether there are differences in hospital characteristics, nursing unit characteristics, the nurse work environment, job satisfaction and turnover rates in rural and urban nursing units.
BACKGROUND
Research in urban hospitals has found an association between the nurse work environment and job satisfaction and turnover rates, but this association has not been examined in rural hospitals.
METHOD
Rural and urban nursing units were compared in a national random sample of 97 United States hospitals (194 nursing units) with between 99 and 450 beds.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found between hospital and nursing unit characteristics and the nurse work environment in rural and urban nursing units. Both nursing unit characteristics and the work environment were found to have a significant influence on nurse job satisfaction and turnover rates.
CONCLUSION
Job satisfaction and turnover rates in rural and urban nursing units are associated with both nursing unit characteristics and the work environment.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Both rural and urban hospitals can improve nurse job satisfaction and turnover rates by changing unit characteristics, such as creating better support services and a work environment that supports autonomous nursing practice. Rural hospitals can also improve the work environment by providing nurses with more educational opportunities.
目的
本研究旨在确定农村和城市护理单元在医院特征、护理单元特征、护士工作环境、工作满意度和离职率方面是否存在差异。
背景
在城市医院的研究发现，护士工作环境与工作满意度和离职率之间存在关联，但这一关联尚未在农村医院进行研究。
方法
在一项针对美国 97 家医院（194 个护理单元）的全国随机抽样调查中，对农村和城市护理单元进行了比较，这些医院的床位数量在 99 至 450 张之间。
结果
在农村和城市护理单元中，医院和护理单元特征以及护士工作环境存在显著差异。护理单元特征和工作环境都对护士工作满意度和离职率有显著影响。
结论
农村和城市护理单元的工作满意度和离职率与护理单元特征和工作环境都有关。
对护理管理的启示
农村和城市医院都可以通过改变单元特征，如创建更好的支持服务和支持自主护理实践的工作环境，来提高护士的工作满意度和降低离职率。农村医院还可以通过为护士提供更多的教育机会来改善工作环境。
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