安全氛围是否会调节人员配备充足程度和工作条件对护士受伤情况的影响？
Does safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries?
作者信息
Mark Barbara A, Hughes Linda C, Belyea Michael, Chang Yunkyung, Hofmann David, Jones Cheryl B, Bacon Cynthia T
机构信息
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2007;38(4):431-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.04.004. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
PROBLEM
Hospital nurses have one of the highest work-related injury rates in the United States. Yet, approaches to improving employee safety have generally focused on attempts to modify individual behavior through enforced compliance with safety rules and mandatory participation in safety training. We examined a theoretical model that investigated the impact on nurse injuries (back injuries and needlesticks) of critical structural variables (staffing adequacy, work engagement, and work conditions) and further tested whether safety climate moderated these effects.
METHOD
A longitudinal, non-experimental, organizational study, conducted in 281 medical-surgical units in 143 general acute care hospitals in the United States.
RESULTS
Work engagement and work conditions were positively related to safety climate, but not directly to nurse back injuries or needlesticks. Safety climate moderated the relationship between work engagement and needlesticks, while safety climate moderated the effect of work conditions on both needlesticks and back injuries, although in unexpected ways. DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our findings suggest that positive work engagement and work conditions contribute to enhanced safety climate and can reduce nurse injuries.
问题
在美国，医院护士是与工作相关受伤率最高的职业群体之一。然而，改善员工安全的方法通常集中在通过强制遵守安全规则和强制参与安全培训来改变个人行为。我们研究了一个理论模型，该模型调查了关键结构变量（人员配备充足率、工作投入度和工作条件）对护士受伤（背部受伤和针刺伤）的影响，并进一步测试了安全氛围是否调节了这些影响。
方法
在美国143家综合急性护理医院的281个内科-外科病房进行的一项纵向、非实验性组织研究。
结果
工作投入度和工作条件与安全氛围呈正相关，但与护士背部受伤或针刺伤没有直接关系。安全氛围调节了工作投入度与针刺伤之间的关系，而安全氛围调节了工作条件对针刺伤和背部受伤的影响，尽管方式出乎意料。讨论及对行业的影响：我们的研究结果表明，积极的工作投入度和工作条件有助于改善安全氛围，并可减少护士受伤。
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