Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2009 Nov;25(4):703-14, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2009.07.003.
In older persons with and without cardiovascular disease, muscular strength and endurance contribute to functional independence and quality of life, while reducing disability. Aging skeletal muscle responds to progressive overload through resistance training. In men and women, strength improves through neuromuscular adaptation, muscle fiber hypertrophy, and increased muscle oxidative capacity. The increase in muscle oxidative capacity is due to the combination of strength development and aerobic exercise often used in resistance-type circuit training. Even in the oldest persons, resistance training significantly increases strength and gait velocity, improves balance and coordination, extends walking endurance, and enhances stair-climbing power. This article reviews the physiologic response to resistance training in older adults and discusses the impact of resistance exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors.
在有和没有心血管疾病的老年人中，肌肉力量和耐力有助于功能独立性和生活质量，同时减少残疾。衰老的骨骼肌通过抗阻训练对渐进性超负荷做出反应。在男性和女性中，力量通过神经肌肉适应性、肌肉纤维肥大和增加肌肉氧化能力而提高。肌肉氧化能力的增加是由于力量发展和有氧运动的结合，通常用于抗阻型循环训练。即使是在最年长的人群中，抗阻训练也能显著提高力量和步速，改善平衡和协调能力，延长步行耐力，并增强爬楼梯能力。本文综述了老年人对抗阻训练的生理反应，并讨论了抗阻运动训练对心血管危险因素的影响。
