Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;38(4):719-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2009.08.004.
Adequate functioning at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is necessary for normal gonadal development and subsequent sex steroid production. Deficiencies at any level of the axis can lead to a hypogonadal state. The causes of hypogonadism are heterogeneous and may involve any level of the reproductive system. This review discusses various causes of hypogonadism, describes the evaluation of hypogonadal states, and outlines treatment options for the induction of puberty in affected adolescents. Whereas some conditions are clearly delineated, the exact etiology and underlying pathogenesis of many disorders is unknown.
充分发挥下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各级的功能对于正常的性腺发育和随后的性激素产生是必要的。轴的任何水平的缺陷都可能导致性腺功能减退。性腺功能减退的原因是多种多样的，可能涉及生殖系统的任何水平。这篇综述讨论了性腺功能减退的各种原因，描述了性腺功能减退状态的评估，并概述了诱导受影响青少年青春期的治疗选择。虽然有些情况有明确的界定，但许多疾病的确切病因和潜在发病机制尚不清楚。
