Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Haus 23a, Lübeck, Germany.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;36(4):809-29, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2009.10.001.
Nocturnal sleep is characterized by a unique pattern of endocrine activity, which comprises reciprocal influences on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the somatotropic system. During early sleep, when slow wave sleep (SWS) prevails, HPA secretory activity is suppressed whereas growth hormone (GH) release reaches a maximum; this pattern is reversed during late sleep when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep predominates. SWS benefits the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories, whereas REM sleep improves amygdala-dependent emotional memories and procedural skill memories involving striato-cortical circuitry. Manipulation of plasma cortisol and GH concentration during sleep revealed a primary role of HPA activity for memory consolidation. Pituitary-adrenal inhibition during SWS sleep represents a prerequisite for efficient consolidation of declarative memory; increased cortisol during late REM sleep seems to protect from an overshooting consolidation of emotional memories.
夜间睡眠的特点是一种独特的内分泌活动模式，它包括对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 和生长激素系统的相互影响。在早期睡眠中，当慢波睡眠 (SWS) 占主导地位时，HPA 分泌活动受到抑制，而生长激素 (GH) 释放达到最大值；这种模式在后期睡眠中发生逆转，此时快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠占主导地位。SWS 有益于巩固海马体依赖的陈述性记忆，而 REM 睡眠则改善杏仁核依赖的情绪记忆和涉及纹状体-皮质电路的程序性技能记忆。在睡眠过程中对血浆皮质醇和 GH 浓度的操纵揭示了 HPA 活动对记忆巩固的主要作用。SWS 睡眠期间的垂体-肾上腺抑制代表了陈述性记忆有效巩固的前提条件；在晚期 REM 睡眠中增加的皮质醇似乎可以防止情绪记忆的过度巩固。
