Heneka Michael T, Rodríguez José J, Verkhratsky Alexei
Klinische Neurowissenschaften, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Brain Res Rev. 2010 May;63(1-2):189-211. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Neuroglial cells are fundamental for control of brain homeostasis and they represent the intrinsic brain defence system. All forms in neuropathology therefore inevitably involve glia. The neurodegenerative diseases disrupt connectivity within brain circuits affecting neuronal-neuronal, neuronal-glial and glial-glial contacts. In addition neurodegenerative processes trigger universal and conserved glial reactions represented by astrogliosis and microglial activation. The complex of recently acquired knowledge allows us to regard the neurodegenerative diseases as primarily gliodegenerative processes, in which glial cells determine the progression and outcome of neuropathological process.
神经胶质细胞对于维持大脑内环境稳定至关重要，它们构成了大脑的固有防御系统。因此，神经病理学中的所有形式都不可避免地涉及神经胶质细胞。神经退行性疾病会破坏脑回路中的连接，影响神经元与神经元、神经元与神经胶质细胞以及神经胶质细胞与神经胶质细胞之间的接触。此外，神经退行性过程会引发以星形胶质细胞增生和小胶质细胞激活为代表的普遍且保守的神经胶质反应。最近获得的一系列知识使我们能够将神经退行性疾病视为主要的神经胶质细胞退行性过程，其中神经胶质细胞决定了神经病理过程的进展和结果。
