EA2216, IFR148, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, and Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France.
Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Mar;9(5):A288-92. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.019. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by a distinctive pattern of bone and joint destruction. RA patients have an increased risk of death. The incidence and prevalence of RA vary across populations, statistical methods, and disease definitions. In North America and Northern Europe, the incidence of RA is estimated at 20 to 50 cases per 100,000 population and the prevalence at 0.5% to 1.1%. Lower incidences and prevalences have been reported in Southern Europe, and few data are available for developing countries. Some studies showed declining incidences and prevalences after the 1960s. RA is a multifactorial disease that results from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The main genetic factors are HLA-DRB1 and the tyrosine-phosphatase gene PTPN22. Among environmental factors implicated in the development of RA, smoking shows the strongest association with RA susceptibility and is also linked to worse outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the available data on the incidence and prevalence of RA, as well as the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with RA.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种慢性炎症性关节疾病，其特征是具有独特的骨和关节破坏模式。RA 患者的死亡风险增加。RA 的发病率和患病率因人群、统计方法和疾病定义而异。在北美和北欧，RA 的发病率估计为每 10 万人中有 20 至 50 例，患病率为 0.5%至 1.1%。在南欧，报告的发病率和患病率较低，而发展中国家的数据则很少。一些研究表明，自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，发病率和患病率呈下降趋势。RA 是一种多因素疾病，是遗传和环境因素相互作用的结果。主要的遗传因素是 HLA-DRB1 和酪氨酸磷酸酶基因 PTPN22。在与 RA 发展相关的环境因素中，吸烟与 RA 易感性的关联最强，也与更差的结果有关。本文旨在讨论 RA 的发病率和患病率以及与 RA 相关的遗传和环境危险因素的现有数据。
