Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Perinatal Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Clin Perinatol. 2009 Dec;36(4):763-72, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2009.07.009.
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of microbe-sensing receptors on peripheral immune cells. TLRs have also been discovered to be present in the brain, particularly in circumventricular organs, microglia, and astrocytes. Some TLRs are strongly expressed in the embryonic brain and TLR3 and TLR8 have been implicated in neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth in the developing brain, whereas TLR2 and TLR4 have been shown to regulate adult neurogenesis. TLR2 and TLR4 also play a role in acute ischemic brain injury in the adult, although no neuroprotection was observed following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. These findings suggest that different TLRs have specific roles in the immature and adult brain following brain damage.
Toll 样受体（TLRs）是外周免疫细胞上的一组微生物感应受体。TLRs 也已被发现在大脑中存在，特别是在室周器官、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中。一些 TLR 在胚胎大脑中强烈表达，TLR3 和 TLR8 已被牵连到发育中大脑的神经发生和神经突生长中，而 TLR2 和 TLR4 已被证明调节成年神经发生。TLR2 和 TLR4 也在成人急性缺血性脑损伤中发挥作用，尽管在围产期缺氧缺血性损伤后没有观察到神经保护作用。这些发现表明，不同的 TLR 在脑损伤后在未成熟和成年大脑中具有特定的作用。
