癌症风险基因检测认知的种族和民族差异。

Racial and ethnic disparities in awareness of genetic testing for cancer risk.

机构信息

Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.

出版信息

Am J Prev Med. 2009 Dec;37(6):524-30. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.021.

DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.021

PMID:19944919

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Racial and ethnic disparities in awareness of genetic testing for cancer risk are substantial.

PURPOSE

This study assesses the relative importance of contributing factors to gaps in awareness of genetic testing for cancer risk across racial and ethnic groups.

METHODS

Data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (N=25,364) were analyzed in 2009 to evaluate the contribution of demographic factors, SES, health status, nativity/length of residency in the U.S., personal/family history of cancer, and perceived cancer risk to racial and ethnic disparities in genetic testing awareness for cancer risk. The contribution of each factor was assessed using the Fairlie decomposition technique.

RESULTS

About 48% of non-Hispanic whites reported that they had heard about genetic testing, followed by 31% of blacks, 28% of Asians, and 19% of Hispanics. Education and nativity/length of residency in the U.S. explained 26% and 30% of the gap between whites and Hispanics, respectively. Education accounted for 22% of the white-black gap, with residential region explaining another 11%. Nativity/length of residency in the U.S. explained 51% of the white-Asian gap.

CONCLUSIONS

The relative importance of factors contributing to racial and ethnic disparities in genetic testing awareness is specific to the particular groups under comparison. Diverse, culturally competent approaches are needed to improve awareness for different racial and ethnic groups.

摘要

背景

在癌症风险基因检测意识方面，存在着显著的种族和民族差异。

目的

本研究旨在评估不同种族和民族群体之间癌症风险基因检测意识差距的促成因素的相对重要性。

方法

2009 年对 2005 年全国健康访谈调查（N=25364）的数据进行了分析，以评估人口统计学因素、社会经济地位、健康状况、在美国的出生/居住时间、个人/家族癌症史以及对癌症风险的认知等因素对癌症风险基因检测意识种族和民族差异的贡献。使用 Fairlie 分解技术评估每个因素的贡献。

结果

约 48%的非西班牙裔白人表示听说过基因检测，其次是 31%的黑人、28%的亚洲人和 19%的西班牙裔。教育和在美国的出生/居住时间分别解释了白人-西班牙裔差距的 26%和 30%。教育占白人和黑人差距的 22%，居住地区又解释了另外的 11%。在美国的出生/居住时间解释了白人-亚洲人差距的 51%。