Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100195, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Feb;11(1):382-394. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01526-4. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
Genetic testing can help determine the risk of many cancers and guide cancer prevention and treatment plans. Despite increasing concern about disparities in precision cancer medicine, public knowledge and cancer genetic testing by race and ethnicity have not been well investigated.
We analyzed data from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey in 2022. Self-reported cancer genetic testing (e.g., Lynch syndrome, BRCA1/2) knowledge and utilization were compared by race and ethnicity. Perceived importance of genetic information for cancer care (prevention, detection, and treatment) was also examined in relation to the uptake of cancer genetic testing. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine factors associated with knowledge and genetic testing to calculate predicted probability of undergoing genetic testing by race and ethnicity.
Of 3551 study participants, 37.8% reported having heard of genetic testing for cancer risk and 3.9% stated that they underwent cancer genetic testing. Being non-Hispanic Black (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.30-0.75) or Hispanic (OR=0.56, CI=0.35-0.90) was associated with lower odds of genetic testing knowledge. Although Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black respondents were more likely to perceive higher importance of genetic information versus non-Hispanic Whites, they had a lower predicted probability of cancer genetic testing.
Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had lower knowledge and were less likely to undergo cancer genetic testing than non-Hispanic Whites. Further research is needed on sources of genetic testing information for racial and ethnic minorities and the barriers to accessing genetic testing to inform the development of effective cancer risk genetic testing promotion.
基因检测有助于确定多种癌症的风险，并指导癌症的预防和治疗计划。尽管人们越来越关注精准癌症医学方面的差异，但公众对基因检测的认知以及不同种族和族裔进行癌症基因检测的情况尚未得到充分研究。
我们分析了 2022 年对 2020 年健康信息国家趋势调查的数据。按种族和族裔比较了对癌症基因检测（例如 Lynch 综合征、BRCA1/2）的知识和利用情况。还研究了遗传信息对癌症护理（预防、检测和治疗）的重要性与接受癌症基因检测之间的关系。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来研究与知识和基因检测相关的因素，以计算按种族和族裔进行基因检测的预测概率。
在 3551 名研究参与者中，37.8%的人听说过癌症风险的基因检测，3.9%的人表示他们接受了癌症基因检测。非西班牙裔黑人（OR=0.47，95%CI=0.30-0.75）或西班牙裔（OR=0.56，CI=0.35-0.90）的人进行基因检测的可能性较低。尽管西班牙裔或非西班牙裔黑人受访者比非西班牙裔白人更有可能认为遗传信息更重要，但他们进行癌症基因检测的预测概率较低。
非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔成年人的基因检测知识较低，进行癌症基因检测的可能性也低于非西班牙裔白人。需要进一步研究针对少数族裔的基因检测信息来源，以及获取基因检测的障碍，以为制定有效的癌症风险基因检测推广策略提供信息。
