Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;7(6):337-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2009.09.001. Epub 2009 Sep 30.
Among deployed U.S. military personnel, a sub-population of international travelers, acute infectious diarrhea continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and a potential threat to military effectiveness.
To assess outcomes and satisfaction of diarrhea management in the field, a systematic survey was given to military personnel during mid- or post-deployment from Iraq or Afghanistan, from January through August 2004.
Sixty-three percent of those surveyed reported at least one episode of diarrhea, while less than half sought care for their symptoms. Overall, trends of decreased post-treatment duration were noted as traveler's diarrhea therapy modalities grew more complex, controlling for severity of illness at presentation. Among those reporting diarrhea, the greatest level of satisfaction was seen in treatment with IV fluids (59%) followed by antibiotics (46%) and loperamide (40%). The greatest amount of dissatisfaction was seen in treatments with oral fluids only.
While current standard of care is self-treatment of diarrhea in civilian travelers, the U.S. military lacks standards outlining self-treatment of personnel at the individual level. Further research is needed to develop treatment guidelines on diarrhea management during military deployment.
在美国部署的军事人员中，有一部分是国际旅行者，急性感染性腹泻仍然是发病率的主要原因，也是对军事效能的潜在威胁。
为了评估在野外管理腹泻的结果和满意度，从 2004 年 1 月至 8 月，在从中东或阿富汗部署中期或部署后，对军事人员进行了系统调查。
接受调查的人员中，有 63%的人报告至少有一次腹泻发作，但不到一半的人因症状寻求治疗。总体而言，随着旅行者腹泻治疗方法变得更加复杂，在控制就诊时疾病严重程度的情况下，治疗后持续时间呈下降趋势。在报告腹泻的人群中，对静脉补液（59%）的满意度最高，其次是抗生素（46%）和洛哌丁胺（40%）。对仅口服补液的治疗满意度最低。
虽然目前的标准治疗方法是对平民旅行者进行腹泻的自我治疗，但美国军方缺乏个人层面上对人员进行自我治疗的标准。需要进一步研究，以便制定在军事部署期间管理腹泻的治疗指南。
