Sanders John W, Putnam Shannon D, Frankart Carla, Frenck Robert W, Monteville Marshall R, Riddle Mark S, Rockabrand David M, Sharp Trueman W, Tribble David R
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt, AE 09835.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Oct;73(4):713-9.
Historically, non-combat injuries and illnesses have had a significant impact on military missions. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence and impact of common ailments among U.S. military personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during 2003-2004. Among 15,459 persons surveyed, diarrhea (76.8% in Iraq and 54.4% in Afghanistan), respiratory illness (69.1%), non-combat injuries (34.7%), and leishmaniasis (2.1%) were commonly reported. For all causes, 25.2% reported that they required intravenous fluids, 10.4% required hospitalization, and 5.2% required medical evacuation. Among ground units, 12.7% reported that they missed a patrol because of illness, and among air units, 11.7% were grounded because of illness. The incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections doubled from the pre-combat to combat phases, and the perceived adverse impact of these illnesses on the unit increased significantly during the combat phase. Despite technologic advances in warfare and preventive medicine, illness and non-combat injuries have been common during operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, resulting in frequent transient decreases in operational efficiency.
从历史上看，非战斗性伤病对军事任务产生了重大影响。我们进行了一项匿名横断面调查，以评估2003 - 2004年部署到伊拉克或阿富汗的美国军事人员中常见疾病的患病率及其影响。在15459名接受调查的人员中，腹泻（伊拉克为76.8%，阿富汗为54.4%）、呼吸道疾病（69.1%）、非战斗性损伤（34.7%）和利什曼病（2.1%）是常见的报告疾病。对于所有病因，25.2%的人报告说他们需要静脉输液，10.4%的人需要住院治疗，5.2%的人需要医疗后送。在地面部队中，12.7%的人报告说他们因疾病而错过一次巡逻，在空军部队中，11.7%的人因疾病而停飞。腹泻和呼吸道感染的发病率从战前阶段到战斗阶段增加了一倍，而且在战斗阶段，这些疾病对部队的感知不利影响显著增加。尽管战争和预防医学技术取得了进步，但在伊拉克和阿富汗的行动中，疾病和非战斗性损伤仍然很常见，导致作战效率频繁出现短暂下降。
