Lebestky Tim, Chang Jung-Sook C, Dankert Heiko, Zelnik Lihi, Kim Young-Cho, Han Kyung-An, Wolf Fred W, Perona Pietro, Anderson David J
Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Neuron. 2009 Nov 25;64(4):522-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031.
Arousal is fundamental to many behaviors, but whether it is unitary or whether there are different types of behavior-specific arousal has not been clear. In Drosophila, dopamine promotes sleep-wake arousal. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding its influence on environmentally stimulated arousal. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in the D1 dopamine receptor DopR enhance repetitive startle-induced arousal while decreasing sleep-wake arousal (i.e., increasing sleep). These two types of arousal are also inversely influenced by cocaine, whose effects in each case are opposite to, and abrogated by, the DopR mutation. Selective restoration of DopR function in the central complex rescues the enhanced stimulated arousal but not the increased sleep phenotype of DopR mutants. These data provide evidence for at least two different forms of arousal, which are independently regulated by dopamine in opposite directions, via distinct neural circuits.
觉醒对于许多行为至关重要，但它是单一的，还是存在不同类型的特定行为觉醒，目前尚不清楚。在果蝇中，多巴胺促进睡眠-觉醒。然而，关于其对环境刺激觉醒的影响，存在相互矛盾的证据。在这里，我们表明，D1多巴胺受体DopR的功能丧失突变增强了重复性惊吓诱导的觉醒，同时减少了睡眠-觉醒（即增加睡眠）。这两种觉醒也受到可卡因的反向影响，可卡因在每种情况下的作用与DopR突变相反，并被其消除。在中央复合体中选择性恢复DopR功能可挽救增强的刺激觉醒，但不能挽救DopR突变体增加的睡眠表型。这些数据为至少两种不同形式的觉醒提供了证据，它们通过不同的神经回路，由多巴胺以相反的方向独立调节。
