Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 8;106(49):20906-11. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0905307106. Epub 2009 Nov 30.
During early adulthood, a phase in which the central nervous system displays considerable plasticity and in which important cognitive traits are shaped, the effects of exercise on cognition remain poorly understood. We performed a cohort study of all Swedish men born in 1950 through 1976 who were enlisted for military service at age 18 (N = 1,221,727). Of these, 268,496 were full-sibling pairs, 3,147 twin pairs, and 1,432 monozygotic twin pairs. Physical fitness and intelligence performance data were collected during conscription examinations and linked with other national databases for information on school achievement, socioeconomic status, and sibship. Relationships between cardiovascular fitness and intelligence at age 18 were evaluated by linear models in the total cohort and in subgroups of full-sibling pairs and twin pairs. Cardiovascular fitness, as measured by ergometer cycling, positively associated with intelligence after adjusting for relevant confounders (regression coefficient b = 0.172; 95% CI, 0.168-0.176). Similar results were obtained within monozygotic twin pairs. In contrast, muscle strength was not associated with cognitive performance. Cross-twin cross-trait analyses showed that the associations were primarily explained by individual specific, non-shared environmental influences (> or = 80%), whereas heritability explained < 15% of covariation. Cardiovascular fitness changes between age 15 and 18 y predicted cognitive performance at 18 y. Cox proportional-hazards models showed that cardiovascular fitness at age 18 y predicted educational achievements later in life. These data substantiate that physical exercise could be an important instrument for public health initiatives to optimize educational achievements, cognitive performance, as well as disease prevention at the society level.
在成年早期，中枢神经系统具有相当大的可塑性，重要的认知特征也在这个阶段形成，而运动对认知的影响仍知之甚少。我们对所有在 1950 年至 1976 年间出生的瑞典男性进行了一项队列研究，这些男性在 18 岁时应征入伍（N=1221727）。其中，268496 对是全同胞对，3147 对是双胞胎对，1432 对是同卵双胞胎对。在入伍体检期间收集了体能和智力表现数据，并与其他国家数据库链接，以获取学校成绩、社会经济地位和同胞关系信息。在总队列以及全同胞对和双胞胎对亚组中，通过线性模型评估心血管健康状况与 18 岁时智力之间的关系。在调整了相关混杂因素后（回归系数 b=0.172；95%置信区间，0.168-0.176），通过测功自行车测量的心血管健康状况与智力呈正相关。在同卵双胞胎中也得到了类似的结果。相比之下，肌肉力量与认知表现无关。跨双胞胎跨特征分析表明，这些关联主要由个体特有的、非共享的环境影响解释（>或=80%），而遗传解释了变异的<15%。15 至 18 岁之间的心血管健康状况变化可预测 18 岁时的认知表现。Cox 比例风险模型显示，18 岁时的心血管健康状况可预测以后的教育成就。这些数据证实，体育锻炼可以成为公共卫生倡议的重要手段，以优化教育成就、认知表现以及整个社会层面的疾病预防。
