Jagsi Reshma, Motomura Amy R, Griffith Kent A, Rangarajan Soumya, Ubel Peter A
University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ann Intern Med. 2009 Dec 1;151(11):804-11. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00009.
Concerns have been raised about the career pipeline in academic medicine, including whether women with a demonstrated commitment to research succeed at the same rate as male colleagues.
To determine the subsequent academic success of recipients of National Institutes of Health (NIH) career development awards.
United States.
2784 of 2799 (99.5%) recipients of K08 and K23 awards for whom sex could be ascertained from the NIH Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects database and other publicly available sources.
Actuarial rates at which recipients of K08 and K23 awards from 1997 to 2003 went on to receive R01 awards. Sex-specific rates of R01 award attainment were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and sex differences were assessed by using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Overall, 31.4% of the 1919 K08 awardees and 43.7% of the 865 K23 awardees were female (P < 0.001). Women were less likely than men to receive an R01 award (P < 0.001). The actuarial rate of R01 award attainment at 5 years was 22.7% overall, 18.8% among women, and 24.8% among men. At 10 years, the rate was 42.5% overall, 36.2% among women, and 45.6% among men. Sex persisted as an independent significant predictor of R01 award attainment (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92]; P = 0.002) in multivariate analysis controlling for K award type, year of award, funding institute, institution, and specialty.
Whether the lower rate of R01 award achievement among women is due to lower rates of application or lower rates of success in application could not be determined.
Only a minority of K awardees studied achieved R01 award funding during the period assessed, and a significant sex disparity was evident.
人们对学术医学领域的职业发展渠道表示担忧，包括致力于研究的女性是否能与男性同事以相同的成功率取得成功。
确定美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）职业发展奖获得者随后的学术成就。
美国。
2799名K08和K23奖获得者中的2784名（99.5%），其性别可从NIH科学项目信息计算机检索数据库及其他公开可用来源确定。
1997年至2003年K08和K23奖获得者获得R01奖的精算率。使用Kaplan-Meier方法计算获得R01奖的性别特异性率，并使用Cox比例风险模型评估性别差异。
总体而言，1919名K08奖获得者中有31.4%为女性，865名K23奖获得者中有43.7%为女性（P<0.001）。女性获得R01奖的可能性低于男性（P<0.001）。5年时获得R01奖的精算率总体为22.7%，女性为18.8%，男性为24.8%。10年时，总体率为42.5%，女性为36.2%，男性为45.6%。在控制K奖类型、获奖年份、资助机构、机构和专业的多变量分析中，性别仍然是获得R01奖的独立显著预测因素（风险比，0.79[95%CI，0.68至0.92]；P=0.002）。
无法确定女性R01奖获得率较低是由于申请率较低还是申请成功率较低。
在所评估的期间内，只有少数研究中的K奖获得者获得了R01奖资助，且存在明显的性别差异。
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