Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Qual Health Res. 2009 Dec;19(12):1678-89. doi: 10.1177/1049732309353910.
To explore how gender differentially affects the stigma experiences of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Swaziland, the extent and dimensions of HIV-related felt and enacted stigma and social support were analyzed. Thirty-seven semistructured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with PLHIV in Swaziland between 2004 and 2006. Through the process of conceptual analysis, themes, including felt stigma, information management, enacted stigma, and social support, were explored, coded, and analyzed in the contexts of partner and familial relationships, and workplace and neighborhood settings. Findings revealed that there were high levels of felt stigma in all contexts, yet fewer than anticipated accounts of enacted stigma in family, work, and neighborhood contexts compared to their expressions of felt stigma. The amount and characteristics of felt and enacted stigma and social support differed based on gender, as women often experienced more felt and enacted stigma than men, and had less definite financial or emotional support.
为了探索性别如何对斯威士兰的艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）的污名体验产生不同的影响，分析了与艾滋病毒相关的感知和实施污名以及社会支持的程度和维度。2004 年至 2006 年期间，在斯威士兰对 PLHIV 进行了 37 次半结构化的面对面访谈。通过概念分析的过程，在伴侣和家庭关系以及工作场所和社区环境的背景下，探讨、编码和分析了主题，包括感知污名、信息管理、实施污名和社会支持。研究结果表明，在所有背景下，感知污名的程度都很高，但与家庭、工作和社区背景下的感知污名相比，实施污名的情况却少得多。基于性别，感知和实施污名以及社会支持的数量和特征有所不同，因为女性通常比男性经历更多的感知和实施污名，并且财务或情感支持也不明确。
