Lile Joshua A, Kelly Thomas H, Hays Lon R
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0086, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;21(1):29-38. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e32833470d7.
The use of illicit prescription drugs is common in cannabis users; however, the effects of few psychoactive drugs have been characterized in this population. In this study, Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (i.e. Delta-THC), triazolam, hydromorphone, and methylphenidate were administered to cannabis users (n=8). Subjects completed the multiple-choice procedure to assess drug reinforcement, as well as self-report questionnaires and performance tasks; physiological assessments were also conducted. Only Delta-THC increased the crossover point on the multiple-choice procedure, but all of the drugs increased ratings on one or more 'positive' drug-effect questionnaire items, as well as items specific for each drug. Triazolam produced the most robust performance impairment, except on a time reproduction task, which was impacted to a greater degree by Delta-THC. Delta-THC elevated heart rate and decreased temperature, triazolam increased heart rate, methylphenidate elevated all cardiovascular indices, and hydromorphone reduced respiration. The effects of the drugs tested in this study were generally consistent with their known pharmacology, although minimal responses to hydromorphone were observed. Future research to directly compare the effects of different psychoactive drugs in cannabis users and nonusers would be useful for identifying potential differences in drug effects as a function of use history.
非法处方药在大麻使用者中很常见；然而，在这一人群中，很少有精神活性药物的作用得到描述。在本研究中，向大麻使用者（n = 8）施用了δ-四氢大麻酚（即δ-THC）、三唑仑、氢吗啡酮和哌甲酯。受试者完成了多项选择程序以评估药物强化作用，以及自我报告问卷和表现任务；还进行了生理评估。只有δ-THC增加了多项选择程序中的交叉点，但所有药物都提高了一个或多个“积极”药物效应问卷项目以及每种药物特定项目的评分。三唑仑造成的表现损害最为严重，但在时间再现任务上除外，该任务受δ-THC的影响更大。δ-THC使心率升高、体温降低，三唑仑使心率增加，哌甲酯使所有心血管指标升高，氢吗啡酮使呼吸减少。本研究中所测试药物的作用总体上与其已知药理学一致，尽管观察到对氢吗啡酮的反应极小。未来直接比较不同精神活性药物在大麻使用者和非使用者中的作用的研究，将有助于确定药物作用因使用史而异的潜在差异。
