Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jan;44(1):21-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.069526. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Injuries can counter the beneficial effects of sports participation at a young age if a child or adolescent is unable to continue to participate because of residual effects of injury. This paper reviews current knowledge in the field of long-term health outcomes of youth sports injuries to evaluate the evidence regarding children dropping out of sport due to injury, physeal injuries and growth disturbance, studies of injuries affecting the spine and knee of young and former athletes and surgical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children. Studies of dropping out of sport due to injury are limited primarily to gymnasts and implicate such injuries as ACL rupture and osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow joint in the early retirement of young athletes. Although most physeal injuries resolve with treatment and rest, there is evidence of disturbed physeal growth as a result of injury. Radiological findings implicate the effects of intense physical loading and injury in the development of spinal pathology and back pain during the growth of youth athletes; however, long-term effects are unclear. Follow-up studies of young athletes and adults indicate a high risk of osteoarthritis after meniscus or ACL injury. Prospective cohort studies with a follow-up into adulthood are needed to clarify the long-term health outcomes of youth sports injuries. Important to this research is meticulous documentation of injuries on injury report forms that include age-appropriate designations of the type of injury and accurate determination of exposure-based injury rates.
如果儿童或青少年因受伤的残留影响而无法继续参与运动，受伤可能会抵消年轻时参加体育运动的有益影响。本文综述了青少年运动损伤长期健康后果领域的现有知识，以评估因伤退出运动、骺板损伤和生长障碍、影响青少年和前运动员脊柱和膝关节的损伤以及儿童前交叉韧带 (ACL) 重建手术结果的研究证据。因伤退出运动的研究主要局限于体操运动员，提示此类损伤如 ACL 撕裂和肘关节骨软骨炎会导致年轻运动员提前退役。尽管大多数骺板损伤通过治疗和休息可以得到解决，但有证据表明损伤会导致骺板生长紊乱。放射学研究提示，剧烈的身体负荷和损伤会导致青少年运动员生长过程中的脊柱病理学和背痛；然而，长期影响尚不清楚。对年轻运动员和成年人的随访研究表明，半月板或 ACL 损伤后骨关节炎的风险很高。需要进行前瞻性队列研究，并随访至成年，以明确青少年运动损伤的长期健康后果。这项研究的重要之处在于在伤害报告表上详细记录伤害，包括根据年龄适当指定伤害类型和准确确定基于暴露的伤害率。
